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Cord blood proteins help detect early sepsis in preterm infants

by Rachel Kim
written by Rachel Kim

New Blood Test Detects Infant Sepsis

Researchers have identified specific proteins in umbilical cord blood, offering a quicker and less invasive method to diagnose early-onset sepsis in newborns. This innovative test could drastically reduce the use of unnecessary antibiotics, safeguarding vulnerable infants from potential complications and antibiotic resistance.

Cord Blood Biomarkers

Scientists at the Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, collaborating with colleagues from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, discovered unique proteins in the umbilical cord blood of premature babies. These proteins signal systemic inflammation, indicative of an immune response to infection. This research provides a way to objectively and non-invasively diagnose early-onset sepsis.

The study’s findings, published in JCI Insight, indicate that cord blood biomarkers offer results within 24 hours. This speed enables physicians to rule out sepsis and confidently cease antibiotics. The innovation has a patent pending.

“Cord blood is an excellent source of information on the state of the baby’s health at the time of delivery. Cord blood biomarker results can be available within 24 hours, allowing physicians to rule out early onset sepsis and discontinue antibiotics with more confidence,”

—Dr. Leena B. Mithal, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that sepsis affects approximately 1.7 million adults each year in the United States, with nearly 270,000 fatalities (CDC, 2023). This emphasizes the significance of rapid and precise diagnostic tools.

Next Steps

Dr. Mithal and the team are planning multicenter studies and clinical trials to validate their findings. The research was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, among others.

Dr. Patrick Seed, President & Chief Research Officer at Manne Research Institute, co-authored the study.

Blood sample analysis.

This advancement has the potential to change how clinicians manage premature infants, potentially saving lives and mitigating the risks associated with unnecessary antibiotic use. Further research will be crucial in solidifying these promising initial results.

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Health

TRNA-Derived Small RNAs: A New Frontier for Liquid Biopsy

by DrMichaelLee
written by DrMichaelLee

tsRNAs: A Key Role in Liquid biopsy for Cancer detection

Table of Contents

A groundbreaking review published in Genes & Diseases highlights the transformative role of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy, particularly for various cancers [[1]]. These small, non-coding RNA fragments, originating from transfer RNAs, are revolutionizing non-invasive disease detection.

The promise of tsRNAs in Precision medicine

tsRNAs, detectable in bodily fluids such as blood plasma, saliva, and urine, exhibit remarkable stability, making them ideal candidates for liquid biopsy [[1]]. Their presence in multiple biofluids allows for easier and less risky sampling compared to traditional tissue biopsies.

Did You Know? Liquid biopsies offer a less invasive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies, enabling frequent monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.

tsRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools

Research indicates that tsRNAs offer disease-specific expression patterns, correlating with key clinical features such as tumor stage and patient survival [[1]]. In breast cancer, certain circulating tsRNAs improve prognostic accuracy compared to traditional markers. Similarly, in lung cancer, tsRNA signatures differentiate between early and advanced stages.

tsRNAs have also demonstrated potential in detecting gastrointestinal, ovarian, pancreatic, renal, and bladder cancers, and also conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, infertility, and neurodegenerative disorders [[1]].

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite their promise, challenges remain. these include inconsistent nomenclature,variations in sample preparation,and the need for optimized detection platforms [[1]]. Standardized analytical frameworks are crucial for consistent cross-study comparisons.

Pro Tip: Researchers are actively working on standardizing tsRNA analysis to improve the reliability and comparability of results across different studies.

The Role of Circulating mRNA in Liquid Biopsy

Beyond tsRNAs, circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) also plays a significant role in liquid biopsy. both extracellular and intracellular mRNAs represent a rich source of potential cancer biomarkers [[2]]. Advances in transcriptome profiling techniques are enhancing the analysis of these mRNAs, contributing to more accurate and comprehensive cancer detection.

Liquid Biopsy: A Frontier in Cancer Management

Liquid biopsy is rapidly evolving as a crucial tool in cancer management. It offers predictive and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer and shows promise in immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer [[3]]. As research progresses and standardization improves, liquid biopsy is poised to transform cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Key Applications of tsRNAs in Liquid Biopsy
Cancer Type Potential benefit
Breast Cancer Improved prognostic accuracy
lung Cancer Differentiation between early and advanced stages
Gastrointestinal, Ovarian, Pancreatic, Renal, Bladder Cancers Early detection and monitoring

The evolution of Liquid Biopsy

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in disease management, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. Its ability to provide real-time molecular profiling has made it an invaluable tool in precision medicine. The revelation and characterization of tsRNAs have further expanded the potential of liquid biopsy, offering new avenues for early disease detection and personalized treatment strategies.

Frequently Asked Questions About tsRNAs and liquid biopsy

What role do tsRNAs play in liquid biopsy?
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsies, offering a non-invasive method for disease detection and monitoring, particularly in cancers. They exhibit disease-specific expression patterns and correlate with clinical features.
What are the advantages of using tsRNAs in liquid biopsy?
tsRNAs are found in various biofluids, allowing for easier and less risky sampling compared to traditional tissue biopsies. they also have unique expression profiles, distinguishing them from other small RNA classes.
Which diseases can be detected using tsRNAs in liquid biopsy?
tsRNAs have shown potential in detecting various cancers, including breast, lung, gastrointestinal, ovarian, pancreatic, renal, and bladder cancers. They are also being explored for conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, infertility, and neurodegenerative disorders.
What are the challenges in using tsRNAs as biomarkers?
Challenges include inconsistent nomenclature, variations in sample preparation, and the need for optimized detection platforms. Standardized analytical frameworks are necessary for consistent cross-study comparisons.
How do circulating messenger RNAs contribute to liquid biopsy?
Circulating messenger RNAs (mRNAs), both extracellular and intracellular, represent a rich source of potential cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsy. Advances in transcriptome profiling techniques are enhancing the analysis of these mRNAs.
what is the future of liquid biopsy in cancer treatment?
Liquid biopsy is evolving as a crucial tool in cancer management, offering predictive and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer and showing promise in immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Further research and standardization are essential to fully realize its potential.

The data provided in this article is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice.it is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

What advancements in liquid biopsy are you most excited about? share your thoughts in the comments below!

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Health

Early, Aggressive BP Lowering Tied to Better ICH Outcomes

by DrMichaelLee
written by DrMichaelLee

Aggressive Blood Pressure Control Improves Stroke Outcomes

Early Intervention is Key for Better Recovery and Reduced Risks

New research reveals that swiftly lowering blood pressure after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can significantly improve patient outcomes, potentially saving lives. Prompt treatment, especially within the first few hours, leads to better neurological function, fewer adverse events, and reduced mortality rates for those suffering from this type of stroke.

Early Treatment Yields Stronger Results

A pooled analysis of four Intensive BP Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trials (INTERACT1-4) has confirmed the benefits of early, intensive blood pressure management for individuals experiencing ICH. The most positive results were found when the intervention was administered within three hours of the onset of ICH symptoms. Current guidelines suggest a systolic BP target of less than 180 mm Hg within one hour of symptom onset, whereas the intensive treatment approach aims for less than 140 mm Hg within the same timeframe.

The studies involved over 10,000 adults with acute ICH. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either intensive or guideline-recommended BP-lowering treatment within an hour of symptom onset. The primary outcome measure was functional recovery, determined using the modified Rankin scale. The intensive treatment group showed significantly lower mean systolic BP rates at one hour compared to the guideline group, 149.6 mm Hg versus 158.8 mm Hg, respectively.

“The data presented make a compelling case for ultra-early intensive blood pressure reduction as a potentially useful intervention to improve outcomes in people with acute ICH.”

—David J. Werring, PhD, Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London

Those receiving intensive treatment also experienced reduced odds of neurological deterioration within seven days, along with fewer serious adverse events and deaths. According to the American Stroke Association, stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States, with nearly 800,000 strokes occurring annually (American Stroke Association).

Timing and Impact on Hematoma Growth

Investigators also assessed the impact of treatment timing and its effect on hematoma volume. Results from a CT substudy of almost 3000 participants revealed no significant effect on either relative or absolute hematoma growth in the initial 24 hours between intensive and guideline treatment approaches. However, when intensive BP lowering began within three hours of symptom onset, functional recovery improved, and hematoma growth was reduced in almost a quarter of patients.

Expert Insights

In an accompanying editorial, David J. Werring noted the importance of considering the specific pathophysiology of ICH, where hematoma expansion plays a major role in the first few hours. He suggested that intensive BP lowering could be a useful intervention to improve outcomes for individuals with acute ICH, emphasizing the need for further research.

The analysis was funded by a multitude of organizations worldwide, and the investigators disclosed various financial relationships. Despite the limitations of the study, the results underscore the critical importance of early intervention in managing ICH. More research is warranted, but the current findings strongly support the idea that, as Werring concluded, “time is brain” for those with ICH.

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Health

Immune cell signatures explain variations in systemic sclerosis severity

by DrMichaelLee
written by DrMichaelLee

Immune Cell Clues Uncover Systemic Sclerosis Severity

Researchers have found a cellular signature that might explain why patients with systemic sclerosis experience differing disease severity. This discovery could lead to better treatments by targeting the specific immune cell abnormalities driving the disease.

Cellular Signature Identified

A team of researchers from Japan has discovered a connection between the behavior of particular immune cells and the severity of systemic sclerosis. Their research, published in Nature Communications, suggests that variations in how the disease manifests might be linked to the proliferation of certain immune cells in key organs.

Systemic sclerosis, a rare autoimmune disorder, often hardens the skin and causes Raynaud’s phenomenon. The illness may affect internal organs like the lungs and kidneys, sometimes causing severe complications.

“We know that immune dysregulation causes vascular damage and tissue fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. However, it remains unclear why skin symptoms and the level of organ involvement differ from patient to patient.”

—Hiroshi Shimagami, Lead Author

Exploring Immune Cell Behavior

The scientists analyzed blood and tissue samples from patients with systemic sclerosis to investigate the condition. They looked at gene expression differences on a cell-by-cell basis. Additionally, they examined cell surface proteins to identify disease biomarkers.

Masayuki Nishide, senior author, said the findings were intriguing. They pinpointed a specific subset of immune cells, the EGR1-expressing subpopulation of CD14+ monocytes, strongly linked to scleroderma renal crisis, a serious kidney complication.

According to the National Institutes of Health, approximately 75,000 to 100,000 people in the United States have systemic sclerosis (NIH, 2024).

Understanding the Mechanisms

Immune cells are intended to fight infection and illness, but they can become inappropriately activated through gene expression. In this instance, CD14+ monocytes transformed into destructive macrophages. These promote inflammation near the kidneys, contributing to organ thickening and scarring.

Researchers also found that CD8+ T cells with a type II interferon signature, making them particularly inflammatory, were linked to interstitial lung disease. The EGR1-expressing CD14+ monocytes and these peculiar CD8+ T cells accumulate in the kidney or lung, respectively, and produce factors that worsen the disease.

“Taken together, our single-cell analysis of patient samples show that specific abnormalities in distinct subsets of immune cell are associated with different clinical symptoms of systemic sclerosis, particularly organ manifestations,”

—Dr. Shimagami

Given the limited treatment options available for those with systemic sclerosis, this research suggests promising possibilities for developing new therapeutic strategies. Predicting the disease using biomarkers and preventing severe organ involvement could positively impact patients’ lives.

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Australian Red Cross Lifeblood loosens rules around LGBTQIA+ donating blood and plasma

by David Harrison
written by David Harrison

Australia Loosens Blood Donation Rules for LGBTQIA+ Community

In a pioneering move, Australia is easing restrictions on blood and plasma donations, especially for gay and bisexual men. This world-leading change aims to increase the donor pool and make the process more inclusive, reflecting evolving understandings of sexual health and safety.

Plasma Donation Changes

Effective July 14, 2024, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood will relax many restrictions on plasma donation related to sexual activity. This “plasma pathway” means most people, including gay and bisexual men, and those using PrEP, can donate without a waiting period if they meet other eligibility criteria.

“Extensive research and modeling show that there will be no impact to the safety of the plasma supply with this change,”

— Lifeblood, Statement

Currently, men who have sex with men, along with transgender women who have sex with men, face donation restrictions if they’ve had sex in the past three months. Research from the World Health Organization shows that safe blood supplies can be assured through careful screening and testing (WHO 2024).

Wider Changes to Blood Donation

In addition to plasma rules, Lifeblood is also working to alter blood and platelet donation guidelines. Once the Therapeutic Goods Administration approves the submission, gender-based sexual activity rules will be removed. This will mean all donors answer the same questions about sexual activity, irrespective of their gender or sexuality.

Changes to blood donation rules could come into effect next year. (AAP: Angela Brkic, file photo)

Dr. Jo Pink, Lifeblood’s chief medical officer, is hopeful these changes can be implemented early next year. She noted that changes to the donor questionnaire will require working with state and territory governments.

These steps are designed to increase the donor pool. The aim is to simplify the donation procedure, making it more accessible to the LGBTQIA+ community. Dash Heath-Paynter, CEO of Health Equity Matters, stated that this change “potentially unlocks thousands of donations of life-saving plasma.”

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Alzheimer’s: Blood & CSF Biomarkers Offer New Insights

by DrMichaelLee
written by DrMichaelLee

alzheimer’s Blood biomarker Testing Poised to Revolutionize Diagnosis

Table of Contents

OTTAWA – A new approach to screening for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using blood tests to detect key biomarkers is showing promise for earlier diagnosis and intervention. Instead of relying on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained through lumbar punctures, analyzing plasma for biomarkers offers a less invasive and potentially more accessible method, according to Mari DeMarco, PhD, a clinical chemist at St. Paul’s Hospital and clinical professor at the University of British Columbia.

The Promise of Blood-Based alzheimer’s Biomarkers

speaking at the Canadian neurological Sciences Federation Congress 2025, DeMarco highlighted the potential of identifying AD biomarkers in plasma. While CSF analysis has long been the standard, she noted that

Did You Know? …

research has confirmed that AD pathology also leaves a detectable “signature” in the blood. one biomarker, phosphorylated tau 217, is proving particularly easy to identify in plasma.

The FDA cleared the first blood test to aid in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in people exhibiting symptoms of the disease [[2]]. This advancement could significantly impact the speed and accessibility of AD diagnosis.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite the advantages, DeMarco cautioned against the immediate widespread adoption of plasma biomarker testing in primary care. One key challenge lies in the careful collection and handling of plasma samples to ensure accurate biomarker quantification.The long-term stability of these biomarkers in storage is another potential concern, as storage time affects their diagnostic accuracy in storage.

Moreover, DeMarco emphasized that the individual ordering the test should ideally be involved in managing the patient’s care, especially when the goal is to determine eligibility for anti-amyloid therapies.She suggested a hybrid model involving both primary care physicians and specialists as a potential solution.

Mass Spectrometry: The Gold Standard

Advancements in biomarker identification, such as the progress of mass spectrometry, have significantly improved accuracy. DeMarco explained that early CSF assays suffered from high variability and questionable accuracy, prompting a push for more reliable methods. Mass spectrometry is now considered the “gold standard” in this field.

A Neurologist’s Perspective

Pardh Chivukula, MD, a neurologist at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto and vice president of the Canadian Neurological Society in Calgary, believes that plasma biomarker testing could streamline healthcare delivery in Canada. He envisions a future where patients are triaged in primary care through blood tests, with those at higher risk referred to specialists.

“The field is still very early on in development,” Chivukula noted, emphasizing that this is a long-term goal that could significantly improve the efficiency of the healthcare system.

The Predictive Value of Plasma Biomarkers

Plasma biomarkers may offer both negative and positive predictive value in ruling out or confirming AD. However, depending on the initial test result, confirmatory testing, such as another blood test, CSF analysis, or PET scan, may be necessary.

Pro Tip: Consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate diagnostic approach for Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s Blood Biomarker Testing: Key Considerations

Factor Consideration
Invasiveness Blood tests are less invasive then lumbar punctures for CSF collection.
Accessibility Blood tests are generally more accessible than CSF analysis.
Accuracy Mass spectrometry is the gold standard for biomarker identification.
Sample Handling Careful collection and handling of blood samples are crucial.
Predictive value Plasma biomarkers offer both negative and positive predictive value.

Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that gradually impairs memory, thinking, and behaviour. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for an estimated 60-80% of cases.While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

The alzheimer’s Association is actively developing clinical practice guidelines for blood biomarker tests in specialty care settings [[3]]. These guidelines are expected to be released this summer.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alzheimer’s Blood biomarkers

What are the most common Alzheimer’s biomarkers?

The most widely used CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease measure beta-amyloid 42, tau, and phospho-tau [[1]]. These biomarkers are also being investigated in blood tests.

How accurate are blood tests for Alzheimer’s?

While blood tests are becoming more accurate, confirmatory testing may still be necessary. Mass spectrometry is considered the gold standard for biomarker identification.

Can blood tests detect Alzheimer’s early?

Blood tests have the potential to detect Alzheimer’s earlier than traditional methods, allowing for earlier intervention and treatment.

Are blood tests for Alzheimer’s widely available?

blood tests are becoming more available, but widespread adoption in primary care is still under consideration.

What should I do if I am concerned about Alzheimer’s?

If you are concerned about Alzheimer’s, consult with a qualified healthcare professional for evaluation and guidance.

Disclaimer: This article provides general details and should not be considered medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.

What are your thoughts on the potential of blood biomarker testing for Alzheimer’s? How do you think this will impact patient care in the future?

Share your comments below and subscribe to World Today News for more updates on medical breakthroughs!

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