Highest Number of Tuberculosis Cases Reported in the US in a Decade
Health
Published March 29, 2024, 10:22 a.m. ET
Overview
The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States reached its highest level in a decade, according to a recent government report. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that 9,600 cases were reported in 2023, reflecting a 16% increase from the previous year and the highest number since 2013.
Increase in TB Cases
Forty states in the US reported an increase in TB cases, with rates rising among all age groups. The CDC believes that the spike in cases can be attributed to various factors, including a surge in TB cases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB to be the second most deadly infectious disease worldwide in 2022, following COVID-19. Additionally, increases in migration and post-pandemic international travel contribute to the spread of the disease.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, TB cases initially declined but have been steadily rising since. CDC officials have recognized that the COVID-19 pandemic may have played a role in the increased reactivation of latent TB infections, but this remains an area that requires further research.
Latent TB and Health Implications
Most TB cases in the US are diagnosed in individuals born in other countries, reflecting the global nature of the disease. Experts estimate that the majority of those counted in 2023 were infected at least one to two years earlier and had latent TB, which refers to a condition where the bacteria enter the body and remain dormant. Latent TB is not contagious, but certain factors such as a weakened immune system can cause the bacteria to become active, leading to the development of TB symptoms.
Efforts to Combat TB
Despite the increase in TB cases, the rate of new TB cases in the US remains lower than in most other countries. The CDC continues to work towards preventing and treating TB, with ongoing vaccine development and innovative approaches being explored. Efforts being implemented by public health workers include the hiring of TB case managers, the use of community health workers, and enhanced treatment monitoring using video technology.
Remaining Challenges
While progress is being made, challenges persist in the fight against TB. Funding for TB-related efforts by state and local health departments remains relatively stagnant. Additionally, drug-resistant TB infections have emerged in a small percentage of cases in recent years.
