Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are very serious diseases that affect the mouth and throat areas. Like any other type of cancer, they can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life and overall health.
Although the exact causes of these cancers are not always clear, researchers have identified several risk factors.
Knowing these circumstances and taking preventive measures can help significantly reduce the risks of developing oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Below are the most common risk factors and prevention methods for the two types of mouth and throat cancer.
Tobacco consumption
Smoking and consumption of smokeless tobacco products are considered a major risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The reason is that the harmful chemicals in tobacco can damage cells in the mouth and throat, leading to the development of cancerous tumors. Oral cancer can be treated successfully if caught early. If you are wondering how to detect oral cancer or oropharyngeal, you should know that a periodic check-up by a dentist and/or an ENT specialist can be useful in this regard. Quitting tobacco use, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and chewing tobacco, is crucial in preventing these cancers.
Alcohol consumption
Excessive alcohol consumption is closely associated with an increased risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Alcohol, especially when combined with smoking, can contribute to the destruction of cells in the mouth and throat. Limiting alcohol consumption or avoiding it can significantly reduce the risk of developing these types of cancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are associated with the development of oropharyngeal cancer. HPV infection is sexually transmitted, and unprotected oral contact with an infected partner can increase the risk of cancer. Vaccination against HPV is considered by specialists to be an effective preventive measure and is recommended for both men and women. Vaccination is especially effective before starting sexual activity.
Poor oral hygiene
Neglecting good oral hygiene habits – such as regular brushing, at least twice a day, for at least two minutes, supplemented by flossing for less accessible areas, as well as periodic check-ups for prophylactic purposes – can contribute to the development oral cancer. Poor oral hygiene allows bacteria to accumulate, leading to chronic inflammation and potentially cancerous changes in the tissues inside the mouth. Maintaining good oral hygiene is also crucial for overall health and can help reduce the risk of oral cancer.
Oral candidiasis
Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by an excessive proliferation of Candida albicans species, naturally present in the mouth. Although candidiasis itself is not directly linked to oral and oropharyngeal cancers, it can contribute to an increased risk due to chronic inflammation and impairment of the immune system. Thus, people with a weakened immune system, for example, those infected with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy, are more susceptible in this regard. Prevention of oral candidiasisrespectively its effective treatment are essential for maintaining oral health and reducing potential risks for the development of cancer.
Unbalanced diet
A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables and high in processed foods has been associated with an increased risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. These cancers are more common in people with deficiencies in certain nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, and E. A healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that help protect against cancer development.
Sun exposure without protection
Excessive sun exposure without protection can increase the risk of lip cancer. They are very vulnerable to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to the development of cancerous tumors. Using lip balms and creams with a high sun protection factor (SPF), wearing hats and avoiding prolonged exposure to strong sun can help reduce the risk of cancer.
Categories of people more vulnerable to oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Certain categories of people are at a higher risk of developing both types of cancer. These include:
- men, who seem to be more prone to these forms of cancer than women
- people with very fair skin
- people over the age of 45, although these two types of cancer can develop at any time during life
- patients with a compromised immune system.
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers pose significant health risks. Avoiding the associated risk factors can greatly reduce the likelihood of developing these diseases. It is recommended to regularly examine the oral area to detect any abnormalities or changes in it and seek dental or other medical assistance, if necessary.
Source photo: Freepik
2023-06-06 14:06:17
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