Thursday, 19 October 2023 – 10:09 WIB
LIVE Techno – The Tropical Deep Sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) – called Hai ling or “Sea Bell” in Chinese – will be anchored on the seabed of the Western Pacific Ocean.
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Once completed in 2030, it will scan for rare flashes of light produced by elusive and briefly visible particles in the depths of the ocean.
Every second, about 100 billion ghost particles, called neutrinos, pass through every square centimeter of your body. However, true to their sinister nickname, the lack of electric charge and nearly zero mass of neutrinos means they barely interact with other types of matter.
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By slowing neutrinos, physicists can trace the origins of some particles billions of light years away from exploding stars and powerful ancient galactic collisions.
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“Using the Earth as a shield, TRIDENT will detect neutrino penetration from the opposite side of the planet,” Xu Donglian, the project’s chief scientist, told reporters at a press conference, as quoted from LiveScienceThursday, October 19 2023.
“Because TRIDENT is near the equator, it can receive neutrinos coming from all directions along with the Earth’s rotation, enabling observations across the sky without blind spots,” he continued.
Neutrinos are everywhere, they are second only to photons as the most abundant subatomic particles in the universe and are produced in the nuclear flares of stars, in enormous supernova explosions, in cosmic rays and radioactive decay, as well as in particle accelerators. and nuclear reactors on Earth.
Despite their ubiquity, their minimal interaction with other matter makes neutrinos very difficult to detect. They were first discovered coming out of a nuclear reactor in 1956, and many neutrino detection experiments have seen the continuous bombardment of particles sent to us from the sun; but this stream masks the rare neutrinos produced when cosmic rays, the source of which remains mysterious, hit the Earth’s atmosphere.
Neutrinos move unimpeded through most matter, including our entire planet, but they sometimes interact with water molecules.
When neutrinos move through water or ice, they sometimes produce particle byproducts called muons that emit flashes of light. By studying the patterns of these flashes, scientists can reconstruct the energy, and sometimes the source, of neutrinos.
However, to increase the probability of ghost particle interactions, the detector must be placed under a lot of water or ice.
China’s new giant detector will consist of more than 24,000 optical sensors mounted on 1,211 strings, each 2,300 feet (700 m) long, that will float upwards from their anchor points on the sea floor.
Laboratorium IceCube Neutrino
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Instagram/@icecube_neutrino
The detectors will be arranged in a Penrose tile pattern and will span a diameter of 2.5 miles (4 kilometers). When operating, it will scan for neutrinos over an area of 1.7 cubic miles (7.5 cubic kilometers).
The world’s largest neutrino detector currently, IceCube, located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, has a monitoring area of only 0.24 cubic miles (1 cubic km), meaning TRIDENT would be much more sensitive and more likely to find neutrinos .
Scientists say that the pilot project will start in 2026, and the full detector will be online in 2030.
“TRIDENT aims to push the performance limits of neutrino telescopes, reaching new limits of sensitivity in the search for astrophysical neutrino sources throughout space,” the researchers wrote in a paper outlining the detector, published Oct. 9 in the journal Nature Astronomy.
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“Because TRIDENT is near the equator, it can receive neutrinos coming from all directions along with the Earth’s rotation, enabling observations across the sky without blind spots,” he continued.
2023-10-19 03:09:02
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