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รุ่งนภา พิมมะศรี : เรื่อง
After the New Year’s Day is not over a month, it should be said that we are in the period that marks the first anniversary of the new coronavirus, 2019 before the name of the disease caused by the virus. This new species is called “COVID-19”.
If counting the 1-year anniversary according to the official announcement of the World Health Organization (WHO), it is 1 year on December 31, because the WHO announced this new virus and epidemic on December 31, 2019, but for Thailand, we One year anniversary on January 12, because Thailand announced that The first case of infection was found in Thailand on January 12, 2020, where that person was a Chinese tourist. And we began to wake up wanting to know about this disease in the second half of January When the situation in China is more severe
In the past 1 year, healthcare and healthcare professionals around the world have been actively working. The same is true for researchers who have accelerated research to better recognize the virus and the disease. To find solutions to fight the emerging epidemics.
Many findings have been suggested over time. Some are very technical in-depth, some are information that ordinary people like us should know. DLife-Prachachat Business therefore summarizes the information and findings on both old and new COVID that we should know. Here are 19 items (synonymous with COVID-19) as follows.
1. COVID-19 (COVID-19) or the full Thai name as “Coronavirus Disease 2019” It is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 that is scientifically named SARS-CoV-2.
2. There are many strains of the coronavirus. Species that were infected in humans this time. (As of late 2019) This is the seventh strain found to infect humans. Which has never been found that humans have been infected with this strain of coronavirus before Therefore initially called “Novel Coronavirus 2019” (Novel Coronavirus 2019)
3.The World Health Organization (WHO) officially names the virus and disease on February 11, 2020. The virus is scientifically named “SARS-CoV-2”, the common name is still called Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) while the disease name is Coronavirus Disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19 in the language. Thailand called the disease that “Coronavirus Disease 2019” is abbreviated with the English abbreviation “COVID-19”.
4. Viruses and diseases are transmitted from person to person through nasal spray, mucus, saliva, nasal and mouth secretions. Which comes out when the patient coughs, sneezes or speaks, which these droplets are quite heavy. Foul, can’t go far And quickly fell to the ground People close to an infected person may pick up aerosols and secretions as they eject from the body of an infected person. Or it may be picked up from secretions or aerosols on various surfaces. The infected person who does not appear sick can also be transmitted to other people.
5. In the early stages, there was information that viruses could survive outside the human body for a short time. Is on a flat surface for at most 48 hours, but when the study continues, a study in Australia found that This virus can stay on surfaces for much longer. If the environment allows On smooth surfaces such as phone screens, plastic, stainless steel, virus bills can live up to 28 days under critical conditions. These surface objects must be at 20 ° C and in the dark.
As the information indicates The viability of the virus depends on its surface, temperature and darkness – how bright it is, the temperature is very high. Viruses will not survive for long. In an environment where we live a normal life that is bright Therefore the virus cannot survive as long as in the experiment. But it is worth thinking that in the event that a virus is contaminated with packaging frozen food, How long will the virus survive?
6. In a closed place Locations not ventilated. Speaking loudly, breathing hard, singing or screaming Will spread the virus more than normal behavior This is why experts point out that nightclubs, pubs, bars, gyms, fitness are a risky place, but that doesn’t mean quiet, outdoor chatting is not infectious. But it is less likely than being in an enclosed space and shouting loudly.
7. The symptoms of COVID are fever, cough, headache, fatigue, muscle or body aches. Loss of taste, smell and / or taste, sore throat, stuffy nose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The severe symptoms are pneumonia. Which in each patient may not have all symptoms And infected people
Many have no symptoms at all.
8. After all these months The researchers found that Symptoms of COVID-19 There are more frightening symptoms than pneumonia. British doctors noticed that This virus stimulates blood clotting in the blood vessels. Causing blood clots to occur Leading to stroke And embolism in the lungs
9. The results of heart MRI in Germany were found. When the immune system tries to respond to or fights viruses, it causes inflammation. And can weaken the heart muscle Even young people with very little infection may be at risk of developing heart failure in the future. Some patients have chest pain. Or feeling like your heart is beating harder than usual When recovering from an infection Even physically fit athletes have this condition.
10. Loss of sense of smell and / or taste It is one of the symptoms of COVID-19. Found in a high ratio But more terrifying Researchers have also discovered that COVID-19 can cause some patients to lose their sense of smell for the rest of their lives.
11. In Italy, cases of COVID affect the peripheral nervous system in 3 patients with no previous history of neuropathy. The doctors found that three of these patients had Myasthenia Gravis, an autoimmune disease. This resulted in a malfunction of communication between nerves and muscles. Some doctors who observe symptoms suggest that Symptoms arise as a result of neurons being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it is possible that it is caused by an autoimmune mechanism. Which the body has built up the immune system more than usual
12. A study by a team of researchers led by the University of Oxford found that Steroid drugs have helped treat some patients. The time and duration of infection are important parameters, ie when the patient’s body enters the inflammatory phase. Steroids work to help heal inflammation.
13. Patients who have been cured may still have a positive test or be able to detect infection. But that does not mean that they are still in a condition that will infect others. There is clear information that Patients with mild or uncomplicated infection release a live virus that can be transmitted to others within 10 days after the onset of illness. But people who are severely ill or people with immunodeficiency have a longer period of transmission.
14. In general, people with COVID have mild symptoms. Symptoms get better and get well in about 2 weeks, whereas those with severe symptoms take 3-6 weeks to recover. But it was found in the third group of patients who were infected and had a chronic illness for about 2-3 months. With both severe and mild symptoms This group of patients is called “Long-haulers,” doctors and researchers still couldn’t figure out why. So they are infected longer than the average. And still do not know what will happen next to this group of patients
15. Several substrates of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been found in many countries. The mutant virus that is of great concern in medicine is a mutation found in England. Which is called “B.1.1.7” or “VUI-202012/01”. What researchers found about this mutant virus is Its genetic code differs from 17 original strains and is 70% more infectious than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. People found with COVID-19 Two thirds of all new cases infected with this subtype virus were infected in December.
16. Cured cases of COVID can be re-infected. This is because most respiratory viral infections are not a type of viral infection. One-and-done “one-and-done” infection also produces lifelong immunity for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Repeated infection has been found in many countries. The latest with the news is Brazil.
17.People whose body is immune to infection. Either by vaccine or by a spontaneous immunity It doesn’t mean it’s safe Because immunity does not last forever Which researchers still cannot find the exact answer that People whose body has become immune How long will that immunity last? The results of a study in New Jersey, USA revealed that immunity may be active for only 6 months. And when the immune system deteriorates That person may become infected.
18. The vaccines that are being developed and are being released now can be used against the mutant virus. But in the future, if the virus mutates more or develops itself so much that the genetic code is very different. Vaccines may not work.
19. In one year, there has been no specific cure for COVID-19. In the past, doctors treat and support the symptoms. Which was able to cure many recovered patients But for the patients who have been cured, they still cannot be completely at ease. The psychological effects of the patients were studied 14-90 days after being diagnosed with COVID. The results showed that 20% of the cured patients were diagnosed with psychiatric disorder. Dementia Have anxiety Or can’t sleep
Reference sources:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/sep/16/what-we-actually-know-about-covid-19
https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/17/what-we-now-know-about-covid19-and-what-questions-remain-to-be-answered/
https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/2019-novel-coronavirus
https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/ hot issue / 134783
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55388846
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/02/health/coronavirus-smell-taste.html
https://people.com/health/study-finds-link-to-mental-health-problems-after-contracting-coronavirus/
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