Understanding Heart Disease in Women: Types, Symptoms, and Prevention
Heart disease is a serious health concern that affects millions of women in the United States. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is the leading cause of death for women, accounting for about 1 in 5 deaths. Shockingly, only 56% of women are aware that heart disease is the number one killer among them. In order to shed light on this important issue, I had the opportunity to speak with Dr. Leana Wen, a renowned wellness expert and emergency physician.
Types of Heart Disease in Women
Dr. Wen explains that heart disease is an umbrella term that encompasses various cardiovascular conditions. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which occurs when the arteries in the heart become narrowed or blocked by cholesterol deposits. This condition, along with vascular disease, is responsible for the majority of heart attacks and strokes. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and smoking.
Another type of heart disease that women should be aware of is heart rhythm abnormalities. Atrial fibrillation, for instance, is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, leading to complications such as blood clots, stroke, and heart failure. Heart failure itself is also a form of heart disease that occurs when the heart is damaged or weakened. Causes of heart failure include heart attacks, chronic conditions like high blood pressure and excessive alcohol use, as well as viral or bacterial infections. Additionally, there can be structural abnormalities in the heart, such as defects in the valves or a hole in the heart wall, which can be congenital or develop over time due to various factors.
Gender Differences in Heart Disease
Dr. Wen highlights that heart disease affects women differently than men. From birth, women have smaller hearts and blood vessels compared to men. Studies have shown that women have a higher likelihood of developing heart disease in the smaller arteries of their heart, which can be harder to diagnose and contribute to missed diagnoses in women. Hormonal changes, such as fluctuations in estrogen levels, also play a role in women’s risk of coronary artery disease. Additionally, women are more likely to have certain conditions that increase their risk of heart disease, including anemia and endometriosis.
Heart Disease and Pregnancy
Pregnancy can bring about specific cardiac problems for women. Conditions such as gestational diabetes and high blood pressure can manifest during pregnancy and influence heart health both during and after pregnancy. There may also be preexisting heart conditions that only become apparent during the stress of pregnancy and labor. It is crucial for women of child-bearing age to be aware of these conditions and prioritize their heart health throughout the entire process.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Medical Attention
Knowing the symptoms of heart disease is essential for women to seek prompt medical attention. The classic symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain, pain in the jaw and neck extending to the left arm, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and nausea. However, women may experience more vague and non-classic symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and upper abdomen discomfort. Studies have shown that women are often misdiagnosed, with their heart attack symptoms being attributed to heartburn or psychiatric manifestations. It is important for women to trust their instincts and advocate for themselves when it comes to their health.
Warning Signs of Other Heart Problems
Apart from heart attacks, there are other warning signs that women should be aware of. Heart rhythm abnormalities can cause palpitations, a sudden irregular heartbeat, lightheadedness, and fainting. Congestive heart failure may result in a gradual worsening of exercise tolerance, shortness of breath during physical activity, swelling in the legs, and the need for additional pillows while sleeping. These symptoms may be subtle, but it is crucial for women to listen to their bodies and seek medical care if something feels off.
Improving Cardiac Health
Dr. Wen emphasizes the importance of managing existing medical conditions that increase the risk of heart disease. High blood pressure, which affects 44% of adult women in the US, should be closely monitored and controlled through lifestyle changes and medications if necessary. Diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, stress, sleep, and mental well-being all play a role in heart health. Women should prioritize their overall well-being and take proactive steps to reduce their risk of heart disease.
In conclusion, heart disease is a significant health concern for women that requires attention and awareness. By understanding the different types of heart disease, recognizing symptoms, and taking steps to improve cardiac health, women can protect themselves from this leading cause of death. It is crucial for women to prioritize their well-being and advocate for their own health, ensuring that they receive the care they need to live a heart-healthy life.
