A recent study conducted by scientists at Indiana University School of Medicine, University of Michigan and Case Western Reserve University of America revealed that most people are susceptible to type 2 diabetes, and scientists found that the hormone insulin has faced a dead end, which limited its ability to adapt and thus made most people vulnerable to infection Type 2 diabetes.
The scientists said that the insulin hormone sequence has become entrenched at the edge of impaired production, a fundamental impairment of rare mutations in the insulin gene that cause childhood diabetes.
Previous studies from this and other groups have suggested that impaired insulin biosynthesis may be the result of various mutations that impede the folding ability of the bronsolin.
This group sought to determine whether insulin evolution in vertebrates – including humans – ran into an obstacle in the way of a complex series of steps imposing restrictions that froze the insulin sequence.
“Biological processes usually evolve to be robust, and in most cases this protects us from birth defects and disease. However, diabetes appears to be an exception,” said Michael Weiss, Distinguished Professor at Indiana University School of Medicine and lead author on the study.
Weiss and his team studied a slight mutation in human insulin in relation to the insulin of other animals, such as cows and the functions of human insulin mutation within the range of normal variation between animal insulin, however this mutation was excluded through evolution.
The group discovered that even the slightest difference in the insulin sequence process not only impedes insulin folding (and eventual insulin secretion) but also causes cellular stress that leads to beta cell dysfunction and ultimately permanent damage.
National experts agree that this finding provides essential insight into better understanding the development of type 2 diabetes in adults and children – both of which are rising at alarming rates around the world.
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