Parliament voted 93 in favor, 63 against.
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Martin will lead a coalition government that will include the historically rival center-right parties Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, along with the small Green Party, pushing aside the Sinn Fein party associated with former Republican fighters.
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The coalition agreement stipulates that the center-right parties will hand over the post of prime minister to each other on a rotating basis. The current Prime Minister, Leo Varadkar of Fine Gael, has agreed to take over again after Martin, the leader of Fianna Fail.
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The small Green Party gained a decisive role in politics after the parliamentary elections in February, which led to a split in parliament, while Sinn Fein became the second largest party and approached a possible role in government.
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If a coalition were not formed, Ireland would run the risk of holding new elections at a time when the country is still undergoing coronavir quarantine.
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However, analysts believe that in the context of the global health and economic crisis, the Sinn Fein party could benefit from the role of the main opposition party.
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Fine Gael was the first to support the coalition agreement on Friday, with 80% of party members voting in favor. 74% of members voted in favor of Fianna Fail.
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According to the agreement, Varadkar will return to the post of prime minister in December 2022.
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