Jakarta –
Heart disease not only experienced by adults, children and even newborns can also experience heart problems. In general, heart problems in children are divided into two groups, namely congenital heart defects and acquired heart defects.
Congenital heart defects are heart defects that are carried since the baby is born, these abnormalities are generally anatomical abnormalities or the structure of the heart. This situation arises because of disturbances in the formation of the heart, namely in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Acquired heart defects are heart disease that occurs after the baby is born. The cause is due to infection or the body’s immunological reaction.
The most common heart disease in children is congenital heart disease. To understand more about this, here are all the heart problems in children that you need to know:
Congenital Heart Abnormalities (KJB)
Congenital Heart Disorders (KJB) is a heart disease that is present from birth. This condition is an anatomical or structural abnormality of the heart, resulting in abnormal blood flow and cardiac circulation function.
Congenital heart defects are one of the most common types of congenital abnormalities or birth defects. Congenital heart defects (CHD) are found in almost 1/3 of the major abnormalities. The incidence is 8-10 babies out of every 1000 live births. In Indonesia, with a population of approximately 250 million, it is estimated that every year there are 50,000 new cases of KJB.
Risk factors for Congenital Heart Disease (KJB)
The exact cause of KJB itself is not known. However, at this time what can be recognized are only a number of risk factors, both from the mother and the condition of her own child.
Risk factors for CHF from the mother:
- Mellitus diabetes
Some conditions of mothers who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus, have a greater risk of giving birth to children with KJB compared to mothers without diabetes. - Rubella
Mothers who are infected with the Rubella virus (German measles) in the first trimester of pregnancy will increase the risk of giving birth to children with KJB. - Taking certain drugs
Pregnant women who take antidepressant drugs and anti-seizure drugs are also at risk of giving birth to children with congenital heart defects. - Smoking and drinking alcohol
In addition, mothers who smoke or consume alcohol will also increase the risk of children with CHD.
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Illustration of a child’s heart defect/ Photo: Getty Images/iStockphoto/vadimguzhva- – |
Risk factors for CHD in children: Chromosomal abnormalities
- Risk factors for the baby itself include babies with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome or Turner syndrome, which are known to have a greater risk of CHD.
- Premature baby
Similarly, with babies born prematurely, the risk of KJB is also large.
Now, for mothers and babies who have risk factors as above, screening should be carried out to detect KJB early. Early detection can be done since the baby is in the womb.
Types of Congenital Heart Abnormalities (KJB)
Broadly speaking, KJB can be divided into two groups, namely the KJB group with blue clinical conditions and KJB without blue clinical conditions.
– Clinical blue is also called cyanosis
This clinical condition is characterized by blue lips, gums, and fingertips. Generally, cyanosis occurs due to more complex anatomical abnormalities, consisting of several conditions resulting in blood mixing which results in blood circulating throughout the body with low oxygen content.
Clinically, the child looks blue around the mouth, gums, and tongue, especially when crying or doing activities. This cyanotic state can be seen from birth or in development in childhood. Some of the most common types of cyanosis are the so-called Tetralogy of Fallot, TGA, and Tricuspid atresia.
– Congenital heart defects without cyanosis
This type of KJB is the most common. Abnormalities that occur can be in the form of holes in the atria of the heart (ASD) or in the chambers of the heart (VSD).
This condition, can also occur due to fetal blood vessels that have not closed or known as PDA. Not infrequently, this type of KJB is due to narrowing of the heart valves known as stenosis.
Then, what are the signs that appear in children with Congenital Heart Disorders (KJB)? Check it out on the next page!
Want to avoid heart disease, you can listen to the explanation of the Mediterranean diet below:
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