A heat pump in that case? That is the best, most energy-efficient alternative, but of course the least obvious because of the major interventions and the price tag.
An air-to-water heat pump, which is often used in new construction or in total renovations in combination with underfloor heating, can also provide cooling in the summer. Although they still consume quite a bit of electricity, they are estimated to be 30 to 40 percent more efficient than a mobile device.
Even more efficient is a geothermal heat pump, which works with deep boreholes in the ground and with ground heat (or cooling). This is of course not possible everywhere, and it is also more expensive. On average, an air-water system would cost 7,000 euros, the geothermal alternative about double that (prices are estimates and can vary greatly per specific case, ed.).
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