Getting to know Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, characteristics, causes and how to treat it

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– Diabetes or with a familiar name such as diabetes. A disease characterized by elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels to above normal values. Diabetes is a chronic or long-term disease. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, the pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream, insulin helps glucose to enter the cells. Let’s discuss more about diabetes mellitus!

What Causes Diabetes?

Diabetes is caused by a disturbance in the body, so the body is unable to use blood glucose into cells. As a result, glucose accumulates in the blood.

What are the Types of Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus type 1
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body’s failure to produce insulin. This type of diabetes can be detected when someone is young, even children.

Diabetes mellitus type 2
Type 2 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin, where the body does not produce enough insulin.

Gestational diabetes mellitus
Diabetes occurs in women Pregnant women who have never had diabetes but when pregnant have high glucose levels.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Common symptoms include:

Feeling very thirsty
Quickly feel tired and sleepy
Unstable emotions
Have visual disturbances
⦁ Weight loss that is not clear what the cause is
Increased frequency of urination.
The occurrence of infection in the body continuously, a common part of the gums, skin, and vaginal area.

Diabetes Risk Factors

Family history or heredity factors, namely someone who has type 1 diabetes
Age factor, this factor is the most detected
Lack of physical activity
⦁ Obesity
Unbalanced diet
History of diabetes during pregnancy and during delivery

Indonesia is in fifth position with 19.47 million people with diabetes, with a population of 179.72 million, this means that the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is 10.6%. In normal people who are not diabetics, the normal value of blood sugar is below 200 mg/dL, and if you are diabetic, your blood sugar will be >200 mg/dL. But if it’s more than 300mg/dL then it’s fairly high. Although diabetes cannot be cured, it can be managed and controlled. That is, patients can maintain their blood sugar remains in normal levels, so it does not cause complications.

Diabetes Treatment

Implementing a Healthy Diet
Adjust your diet, increase your intake of fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains. But you also need to consume food containing fiber, such as wheat, cassava, and brown rice, or you can ask your doctor directly.

Regular Physical Activity
Exercise is an activity that can lower blood sugar by converting it into energy.

Insulin Therapy

This therapy is a treatment for type 1 diabetes. Many types of insulin are used in medicine. In addition, the insulin dose every patient This varies depending on the patient’s age, condition, physical activity, and how severe the diabetes is.

⦁ Drug Diabetes
There are several types of drugs that are given, some are given in the form of tablets or injections. This drug works to reduce glucose produced in the liver, while helping to increase insulin sensitivity.

Prevention

Take care of our body health, because healthy is very expensive. Always control blood sugar. If these symptoms do not improve, immediately consult a doctor, so that diabetes can be treated quickly.

For those of us who are normal, do not have diabetes, but have a family history of diabetes. We can do prevention, from an early age we adopt a healthy lifestyle, such as:

⦁ Maintain ideal weight
Consuming foods that contain high fiber
Reduce consumption of sugary foods and drinks
Exercise regularly
Reducing idle time too long
Avoid or quit smoking

*Nela Auliah, Binawan University

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