Disturbing Increase in Cancer Cases Among Young People

Introduction

In a troubling global trend, the incidence of new cancer cases among young people has been rising significantly. Early-onset cancers, defined as cancer cases diagnosed in individuals under the age of 50, have increased worldwide by a staggering 79%. The United States has also witnessed a shifting demographic of cancer patients, with a notable increase in people under the age of 50. These alarming statistics beg the question – why are young people getting cancer at higher rates, and what preventive measures should they consider? To shed light on this issue, CNN spoke with renowned wellness expert, Dr. Leana Wen.

The Deadliest Cancers in Younger People

CNN: What are the deadliest cancers in younger people?

Dr. Leana Wen: The most fatal and burdening early-onset cancers globally are breast cancer, tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer, and stomach and colorectal cancers, according to a study published in the journal BMJ Oncology. These statistics are consistent with the leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States, where lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer top the list. Furthermore, colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men under 50 and the second leading cause among women under 50.

Factors Behind the Rise in Cancer Cases

CNN: Why are cancer cases rising in people under 50?

Dr. Leana Wen: Although no definitive answers exist, several theories have surfaced. Elevated rates of obesity over the past few decades have been linked to the increased risk of early-onset cancer. Changes in dietary habits, particularly the rise in consumption of highly processed foods, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, are also associated with higher cancer rates. Additionally, some researchers speculate that environmental factors, such as the presence of carcinogens in the air, water, and food supplies, may play a role.

Cancer Screenings at Younger Ages

CNN: Should people start screening for cancer at younger ages?

Dr. Leana Wen: This is a complex question that requires a distinction between population-based recommendations and individual circumstances. Guidelines from trusted medical organizations and federal policymaking bodies are primarily based on recommendations for the general population considered to be at average risk. However, personal medical history and individual risk factors may necessitate earlier screening. While most individuals should abide by the current guidelines, it is important to engage in annual checkups with primary care providers to go over the necessary tests, including cancer screenings.

For instance, the US Preventive Services Task Force now suggests that colon cancer screenings should begin at age 45, a departure from the previous guideline of age 50. Similarly, the task force has proposed a revision for mammograms to start at age 40, although this change is still pending. Those with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors may need to start mammograms earlier.

Screening guidelines are subject to revision based on evolving demographics and the effectiveness of screening tools. It is crucial for individuals to be aware of their family history, communicate with healthcare providers about potential risk factors, and adhere to recommended screenings.

Reducing Cancer Risk and Recommended Measures

CNN: Are there steps younger people can take to reduce their cancer risk?

Dr. Leana Wen: Absolutely. Certain lifestyle choices significantly impact cancer risk. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption are major risk factors that should be minimized or eliminated. Physical activity, even as little as one or two minutes of vigorous exercise daily, has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer. Limiting the consumption of highly processed foods also contributes to mitigating cancer risk.

It is crucial for individuals to know their own risks, including family history and other relevant medical conditions. Understanding these factors enables tailored conversations with healthcare professionals, potentially leading to genetic testing, earlier screenings, or preventive measures.

Conclusion

The rise in cancer cases among young people is a cause for concern. While the exact reasons behind this disturbing trend are still under investigation, it is clear that lifestyle choices and individual risk factors play a significant role. By understanding the risks, adhering to recommended screenings, and adopting healthy habits, young individuals can take proactive steps towards reducing their cancer risk.