A Comprehensive Study on PCOS: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associated Health Conditions in Females

PCOS is a highly prevalent endocrinological disorder among females, commonly causing menstrual disturbance during reproductive age. The disorder is characterized by polycystic ovaries on ultrasound and/or clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism and oli-anovulation. Studies indicate that PCOS is more commonly found in younger age groups, with a higher risk associated with increased BMI. Hypertension and abnormal glucose metabolism are also commonly observed in patients with PCOS. In addition, hypovitaminosis D, hypothyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia are found to have a significant impact on PCOS patients’ reproductive health. LH/FSH ratios may be increased in PCOS patients, and this disturbance in the gonadotrophin axis leads to an elevation of testosterone levels. Overall, PCOS is a complex disorder with a wide range of symptoms that affect various systems in the body.