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Uni Soviet or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is the former territory of the union of Eastern Europe and North and Central Asia. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the area of the Soviet Union spanned an area of 22.4 million sq km from the Baltic and Black Seas to the Pacific Ocean.
It is not surprising that the Soviet Union was once the largest in the world with a territory covering one sixth of the earth’s surface. The area covers 11 time zones and the land consists of deserts, tundra, mountains, the longest rivers in the world.
The formation of the Soviet Union dates back to 1917 after the Russian Revolution. Previously, Russia was an imperial state led by an autocratic tsar and had absolute and unlimited power.
There have been many revolutions in Russia. According to History, the revolution in Russia consisted of the events of 1905, the February Revolution of 1917, and culminated in the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution that brought down the empire. Russia was then taken over by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
It was during the Russian Revolution of 1917 that the four socialist republics of the former Russian Empire were founded. The four were the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.
These four socialist republics later formed the Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In addition, several republics also joined it.
A. 15 Member States of the Soviet Union
After the founding of the Soviet Union, the country became the country with the largest territory and included 20 Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republics. Sixteen countries among them are in Russia, 2 in Georgia, 1 in Azerbaijan, and 1 in Uzbekistan.
However, in the last years of the successful Soviet Union, 15 Soviet Socialist Republics finally gained independence. The following is a list of 15 member countries Uni Soviet.
1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Belarus
4. Estonia
5. Georgia
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyzstan
8. Latvia
9. Lithuania
10. Moldova
11. Russia
12. Tajikistan
13. Turkmenistan
14. Ukraine
15. Uzbekistan
B. Chronology of the collapse of the Soviet Union
After standing for decades, the Soviet Union was finally officially declared collapsed in 1991. The chronology of the collapse of the Soviet Union began to be seen since the emergence of power turmoil after the death of Vladimir Lenin, the first head of state of the Soviet Union at that time. Here are the full details:
- In 1924 there was a power struggle when Vladimir Lenin died. However, it ended in 1927 when Joseph Stalin won.
- In 1928 the 5-year plan for the centralization of industry and collective agriculture was initiated.
- The end of the 1930s carried out executions or other sanctions on millions of people who were considered dangerous to the state.
- After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States were involved in a cold war with their respective allies.
- In the late 1940s, the Soviet Union helped establish communist regimes throughout much of Eastern Europe.
- In 1949 the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic bomb. Then the first hydrogen bomb was detonated in 1953.
- After Stalin’s death, the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev experienced limited political and cultural liberalization.
- The Soviet Union’s first manned orbital space flight was in 1961.
- The liberalization of the Soviet Union was partially reversed during Leonid Brezhnev’s presidency, but Mikhail Gorbachev adopted a liberal policy of glasnost and perestroika in the mid-1980s.
- By the end of 1990, the communist government had been overthrown and a program to create a market economy was implemented.
- The Soviet Union officially disbanded on December 25, 1991. To this day, all member states Uni Soviet previously mentioned, each has become a sovereign state.
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