“Tomato Rugosis: The Silent Threat to Quebec’s Greenhouse Industry”

To enter the Serres Royales, you have to put on a sterile suit, gloves and shoe covers, then dip your feet in a tray filled with disinfectant liquid.

“There are people who call it tomato COVID-19, others, tomato cancer, but we call it: the business killer virus”, launches the president and director of Greenhouses Royales, Stephan Lemieux.

On a cart near the entrance, bins are stacked. They are filled with green and yellow marbled tomatoes. As if they were waiting to mature. But these tomatoes will never turn fully red.

Uneven ripening is one of the symptoms of the ToBRFV virus (from the English name “Tomato brown rugose fruit virus”), diagnosed in one of the company’s three greenhouses on February 14.

This virus does not change the taste of food. Rather, it is his appearance that is affected. Some fruits become bumpy or with crevices. The leaves of the plant wilt and show a mosaic pattern.

Rugosis can cause yield losses of 15% to 100%, reports the Réseau d’alertes phytosanitaires du Québec.

“What’s really unfortunate is that this disease breaks out at harvest,” sighs Stephan Lemieux. That’s after expenses for heating, labor, fertilizer. »

Magnitude unknown

First detected in Israel in 2014, the virus has wreaked havoc in greenhouses in Europe, the Middle East, the United States and Mexico. It was first detected in Canada in 2019, in a greenhouse in Ontario.

The extent of the contagion in Quebec is difficult to determine, because the Canadian Food Inspection Agency decided, in 2020, that it would not be a reportable disease.

And producers are afraid to talk about it. To the point where a totally confidential study has just been launched by the Mirabel Agrifood Research Center to document the extent of the phenomenon.

“This problem of rugosis is very worrying. Now, what about Quebec? We don’t know,” explains researcher Caroline Provost, who is leading the study. “We know that there are certain companies that have it [mais] very few will say so publicly,” adds the researcher.

Once the samples have been received, she will be the only one to have access to the data file containing the names of the companies.

“It’s our way of saying, ‘Listen, we want information, but we don’t want to harm you either.’ We are going to keep it really, very confidential, but it will allow us to draw a portrait of what we find in Quebec, to be able to understand the situation better and to put measures in place. »

Transparency at Lufa

In Canada, the only company that has talked about it publicly is Lufa, which operates four rooftop greenhouses in the Montreal area. In her newsletter released this week, she explained to her customers the reason why she offered fewer tomatoes on her market.

“It’s part of our mission to be transparent,” explains the director of communications for Lufa Farms, Yourianne Plante.

The virus broke out in the tomato greenhouse of the borough of Saint-Laurent. The 15,000 square meter greenhouse has been completely emptied and disinfected.

“Once the virus attacks a greenhouse, we have to act in depth,” she explains.

The tomatoes were then replaced with cucumbers. The Laval greenhouse – where the company’s cucumbers previously grew on 400 square meters – now houses the tomatoes.

“It was a key element to succeed in eradicating the virus, to have the possibility of doing a crop rotation, explains M^me Plant. We are not dependent on a single culture. In our case, diversification has been beneficial. »

The financial losses, however, have been “substantial”, she says.

Resistant plants

Stephan Lemieux continues his tour in his three-hectare greenhouse. He points to a row where he has planted a virus-resistant variety.

“The sinews of war with regard to rugosis will really be played out in terms of resistance on the cultivars. »

Four varieties currently being tested at Serres Royales are considered to be “moderately resistant”. Soon, the company will receive about fifteen “highly resistant” cultivars. »

“Moderately resistant means that the plant will contract the disease, but it will have mild symptoms. These are the first varieties that began to be available a year ago. There, what is coming are highly resistant varieties. The disease does not develop inside. He will never test positive,” he explains.

Instead of tearing everything up, Stephan Lemieux will focus on the gradual introduction of these new varieties. He made this choice because the virus is extremely difficult to eradicate. It can survive for months on surfaces and years in organic matter.

While the Legault government aims to double the area of ​​greenhouses by 2025, Mr. Lemieux would like Quebec to pay emergency aid to affected producers.

“We are resilient, yes, because the solution is coming. A year ago, I might have been on the ground rolled up in a little ball crying,” he says.

“You get rugosis when there are tools available. So that’s really the positive side. »

Where does tomato brown rugose fruit virus come from?

In Quebec, “the vast majority” of our greenhouse tomato seeds are produced abroad, explains Valérie Gravel, a McGill professor and co-holder of a new greenhouse research chair funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Quebec (MAPAQ). “It’s hard to really put the exact point on the cause […]. In the work that has been done, it is especially with regard to seeds that there is a lot of propagation. So given that in the world, there are still a limited number of seed companies that produce seeds for greenhouse production, it’s quite easy to see that it’s at the seed level, probably, that it’s is set to travel. »

At least five companies affected

Five companies that have used the public laboratory to have their plants tested have received positive results for the disease since 2020, MAPAQ said. “Quebec greenhouse businesses can have their samples tested in other laboratories offering the same service in Canada or abroad. It is therefore not possible for us to confirm the number of greenhouses affected in Quebec”, however specified Mélissa Lapointe, spokesperson for the Ministry.

Why this reluctance to talk about it?

“The big problem we have at the moment is really to have a general idea of ​​the situation, of its magnitude, explains Valérie Gravel. Honestly, at the moment, we are a little bit in the dark. The United States has strict rules in place regarding rugosis, she points out. “So when it affects the company’s reputation, it can affect the export potential too. We must not forget either that we have not known about rugosis for very long, that it is in Quebec, we are talking about the end of 2020. ”