Dukena Zholeva, NIMH
Through April agrometeorological conditions will be of increased dynamics. In the first half of the month, they will be defined by unsustainable weather, with frequent rainfall, which will improve soil moisture reserves and vegetation conditions for autumn crops and sown spring crops. As a result of the subnormal rainfall in March, with the exception of places in Western Bulgaria, the soil moisture reserves in the 50cm and 100cm layers are unsatisfactory for the beginning of the spring growing season. In part of the eastern regions (farm stations: Razgrad, Dolni chiflik, Sliven) the level of moisture reserves in the 50 cm layer for winter cereal crops at the end of March was below 70-75% of the PPV.
During the first and the beginning of the second decade of April, the predicted above-normal temperatures will accelerate the vegetation of autumn crops. During this period, a large part of the winter cereal crops in the Polish regions will enter the spindle phase.
During most days of the second half of April, the development of agricultural crops will take place at temperatures and precipitation close to climatic norms. In the second half of the second decade a probability of frost formation is predicted, which must be taken into account when hardening vegetable and tobacco seedlings. The predicted minimum temperatures, up to minus 2°C, with longer retention will be critical for the flowers and young buds of the fruit trees.
During the third ten-day period, the vegetation of winter cereals will proceed at a moderate pace. During the ten-day period, wheat will undergo a transition from the spindle phase to the grading and grading phase. The spindle-heading interphase period is critical for infection of winter cereals with powdery mildew and brown rust. During this period, wheat crops should be examined for the presence and harmful activity of: the wheat bug, the common wheat leech and the wheat thrips, and timely treatment is required if the pest density is above the threshold of economic harm.
During the month, the predicted frequent rainfall and the probability of hail will be a prerequisite for an increase in the infectious background of a number of fungal diseases on fruit trees – early brown rot, scab, powdery mildew, peach curl, etc.. After hail to limit the risk of secondary infections with pathogens treatment with copper-containing fungicides is desirable as soon as possible.
In April, there will be more suitable conditions for carrying out plant protection spraying at the beginning and at the end of the first, in the second half of the second and in the middle of the third ten days.
The temperature of the soil in the 10th layer at the end of the second ten-day period in the Polish regions will reach suitable values for the sowing of corn for grain, and during the third – for heat-loving spring crops (cotton, beans, peanuts, watermelons, melons, etc.).
Dukena Zholeva
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