Blockchain technology in preferential customs law. Evaluation of a potential application scenario

synopsis or introduction

The blockchain hype phase of the last few years has already produced several potential use cases in various industries in addition to cryptocurrencies. However, an intensive examination of preferential customs law as a possible application scenario has not yet been carried out. In this respect, this master’s thesis includes an evaluation of the potential use of blockchain in the exchange of supplier declarations. These verification documents are exchanged between manufacturers and suppliers for the purpose of documenting the origin of goods within the EU when trading goods in order to be able to save on customs duties when exporting on the basis of free trade agreements.

In particular, an exploratory study with the implementation of expert interviews is the subject of the evaluation. With the statements of the interviewees and the restriction to the automotive industry, the result is a fundamental applicability of the blockchain in preferential customs law. Supplier declarations can be easily exchanged between the participants in the peer-to-peer network in a consortium blockchain. All process participants benefit from such a solution in the LEA exchange, in particular the customs authorities and the recipients of the supplier declarations. However, various prerequisites are still necessary for the full development of all advantages, such as clarifying the role of the customs authorities.

Although the expectations of the experts are largely met, there are also risks in the areas of financing, the stakeholders and the technology itself. In addition, a better understanding of the blockchain by those involved in the process is required and the concrete composition remains exciting even in the case of a cross-industry implementation. The results obtained thus indicate further analyzes that could enable the implementation of blockchain technology in the exchange of supplier declarations in the next few years.