Russia has significantly increased its hybrid attacks in European countries since the start of its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine (SVR) reported that between 2014 and 2024, the Russian Federation carried out over 200 acts of sabotage in Europe. These incidents included misinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, and GPS jamming. The SVR noted that more than 86% of these attacks occurred after 2022, wiht a sixfold increase in sabotage incidents in 2024 compared to 2023.
The primary targets of Russia’s actions in Europe have been energy,transport,and dialog sectors. Since the beginning of 2025, there have been recorded attacks on underwater cables, water supply facilities, and attempts to disrupt air transportation within European Union countries.
The SVR also stated that, on average, 20 European countries have been subjected to hybrid attacks annually between 2022 and 2024. Poland, the Baltic states, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, and Norway have moast frequently experienced these sabotages, largely due to their active support for Ukraine.
Can NATO Apply the 5th Article in Response to Russian Hybrid Attacks?
Previously, Voice of America, citing a high-ranking NATO official, reported that a NATO member country might request protection under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty in response to Russian hybrid operations and cyberattacks. The official indicated that the decision would depend on Moscow’s continued actions.Ultimately, a country suffering from Russian hybrid attacks could seek protection from its allies. However, as of now, none of the countries have formally invoked this measure.
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