The United States generated approximately 782 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of nuclear power in 2024, maintaining its position as the world’s leading producer of nuclear energy. This figure represents roughly 19% of the total electricity produced within the U.S. And approximately 30% of global nuclear power generation, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
While nuclear power often evokes discussions of weaponry and conflict, it remains a significant source of electricity worldwide. The U.S. Currently operates 94 nuclear reactors across 54 power plants, boasting a total net generating capacity of 97 gigawatts. This infrastructure, built beginning in the 1950s, dwarfs the capacity of other major nuclear energy producers.
China, the world’s second-largest economy, produced just over 433 GWh of nuclear power in 2023, accounting for around 5% of its total electricity output. Russia’s output was even lower, at 271 GWh, though this represents a larger proportion – approximately 19% – of its overall energy mix. China operates 57 reactors with a capacity of 55 GW, while Russia has 36 reactors with a capacity of 27 GW.
France also plays a substantial role in global nuclear power production. With 55 reactors – the same number as China – France has a net generating capacity of 63 GW. In 2023, nuclear power accounted for nearly 65% of France’s electricity generation, exceeding 320 GWh. This makes France the nation most reliant on nuclear energy, generating more than double the percentage of its electricity from nuclear sources compared to the United States.
Nuclear power’s appeal lies in its high output capacity, surpassing both coal and natural gas. Nuclear reactors require less frequent maintenance and refueling than other power sources, allowing for extended operational periods. Nuclear energy is a relatively clean source of power, contributing to reduced emissions. Its reliability and capacity make it suitable for large-scale, full-time power provision.
But, the use of nuclear power is not without its drawbacks. The generation of hazardous radioactive waste poses a significant environmental concern, with the potential to endanger communities for decades. The risk of nuclear reactor meltdowns, while mitigated by stringent regulations and modern safety systems, remains a serious threat to nearby populations and the environment.
In 2025, France achieved a record-breaking sustained fusion reaction lasting 22 minutes, demonstrating advancements in nuclear technology. The long-term implications of this achievement, and its potential impact on global energy production, remain to be seen.
