Ancient Peruvian City Opens Doors to the World
For decades, a false narrative painted pre-Columbian societies as unchanging and simple. Now, after eight years of archaeological work, the urban center of Peñico in Peru will open to the public on July 12, 2025, revealing its complex history.
Unveiling Peñico
Located in the Huaura province of the Lima region, the Peñico site flourished between 1800 and 1500 BC. A team largely composed of local residents conducted the excavations. Their work challenges previous misconceptions regarding the ingenuity and societal structures of pre-Columbian civilizations.
Strategic Location
The city’s location, about 600 meters above sea level near the Supe River, was deliberately chosen. As the Ministry of Culture of Peru indicates, its position offered protection from natural disasters and facilitated interaction and exchange.
Realize the monumentality of its buildings, protect themselves from floods, landslides, and promote interaction and exchange.—Ministry of Culture of Peru
A Hub of Social Integration
Archaeologist Shady Solís describes Peñico as a city of social integration.
Its strategic location connected communities from the coast, mountains, and even the Andean-Amazon regions. Researchers believe that Peñico followed the cultural traditions established by Caral.
Beliefs, Agriculture, and Trade
The structure known as “B2” is believed to have been Peñico’s most important, hosting administrative and ideological activities. Evidence of putus (musical instruments) suggests the building was a gathering place for announcements and events.
Peñico thrived with sophisticated irrigation techniques and trade networks. According to researchers, hematite, a mineral with symbolic importance, served as a key trade resource. Roughly 40% of the world’s mined hematite comes from Australia (Geoscience Australia, 2023).
Inaugural Festivities
The grand opening on July 12 will feature the first Peñico Festival, celebrating Andean culture with Pachamama ceremonies and artistic performances. The Archaeological Zone of Caral will oversee the event.
Honoring Local Contributions
The Ministry of Culture hopes to promote Peñico internationally and recognize the crucial role of the local population in uncovering Peru’s ancient past. Their dedication has been essential in piecing together the rich history of this urban center.
