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Astronomers Identify Earth-Sized Planets in TRAPPIST-1 System with Potential for Habitability
WASHINGTON – A team of astronomers has revealed new insights into the TRAPPIST-1 system, a collection of seven rocky planets orbiting a small star approximately 40 light-years from earth, with three planets residing within the star’s habitable zone – the region where liquid water could exist.The findings, detailed in a study published Wednesday (September 17, 2025) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, suggest these planets, similar in size to Earth, represent a compelling target in the search for life beyond our solar system.
The TRAPPIST-1 system, discovered nine years ago, presents a unique chance for scientists studying planetary habitability.Unlike our sun, TRAPPIST-1 is an ultra-cool dwarf star, considerably smaller and dimmer. This proximity allows for shorter orbital periods – planets circle their star every six days – and makes atmospheric analysis more feasible. the potential for liquid water, a key ingredient for life as we know it, hinges on whether these planets possess atmospheres capable of maintaining suitable temperatures.
“TRAPPIST-1 is a truly foreign system,” explained Nestor Espinoza, highlighting the system’s distinct characteristics. The star itself is roughly the size of Jupiter, and its planets orbit much closer than earth orbits the sun. Espinoza and his colleagues are currently focusing their research on Trappist-1 E, the fourth planet from the star.
According to Espinoza,the habitable zone placement of three planets means they are “quite close to the star so that if this planet has an atmosphere,it can support liquid water.” Though,the exact composition of these atmospheres remains unknown.
Assistant Professor of space at the Florida Institute of Technology, Howard Chen, emphasized the precarious balance of conditions on these planets. Computer simulations reveal that trappist-1 planets exist at a “critical point,” perhaps evolving into either arid,desert worlds or water-rich environments.
“That means the scenario of ‘barren rocks’ and ‘weighing’ still makes physically reasonable,” Chen stated, indicating that the planets’ ultimate fate – and habitability – is still uncertain. Further research will be crucial to determine whether these Earth-sized worlds can indeed support life.
