France, UK to Coordinate Nuclear Deterrents

Historic pact aims to bolster European security amid evolving threats.

In a significant move signaling closer defense ties, **France** and the **United Kingdom** are set to announce a coordinated approach to nuclear deterrence. The agreement seeks to fortify Europe’s security in response to escalating global uncertainties.

Key Development

During a state visit, French **President Emmanuel Macron** and British **Prime Minister Keir Starmer** will formalize a declaration affirming the coordination of their nuclear capabilities, according to statements from both the British Defence Ministry and the French Presidency.

The declaration emphasizes the independence of each nation’s nuclear deterrent while acknowledging the potential for coordinated action. Officials stated that any extreme threat to Europe would elicit a joint response, though specifics were not disclosed.

While retaining ultimate authority over nuclear deployment, both countries assert that any adversary endangering their vital interests could face the combined might of their nuclear forces. A joint nuclear supervision group, co-chaired by representatives from both the **Élysée Palace** and the British Prime Minister’s office, will oversee increased cooperation in policy, operations, and capabilities.

Historical Context

The last significant update to the principles guiding Franco-British deterrence cooperation was the “Chequers” declaration in 1995. That agreement, while acknowledging shared vital interests, did not specify a coordinated response to threats.

Since then, the geopolitical landscape has shifted considerably, particularly following **Russia**’s 2022 invasion of **Ukraine**. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, global military expenditure reached a record high of $2443 billion in 2023 (SIPRI 2023), highlighting the increasing instability.

Broader Cooperation

The agreement promises to be the centerpiece of the Franco-British summit presided over by **Starmer** and **Macron**. Also expected are announcements regarding the acceleration of the joint SCALP/Storm Shadow cruise missile program and the launch of a new phase for the joint Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Missiles (FMC/FMAN) project.

Building upon the Lancaster House agreements of 2010, the existing Franco-British Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF) will form the basis of the “coalition of volunteers” initiated by **Paris** and **London** earlier in 2025. This coalition aims to bolster **Ukraine**’s defense capabilities and facilitate a future ceasefire with **Moscow**.

**Starmer** and **Macron** are scheduled to lead a videoconference meeting concerning this coalition, with anticipated participation from American representatives.