Liver Cancer Cases Set too Surge Globally, Africa Faces Particularly Acute Crisis
Geneva, Switzerland – A new report from The Lancet Commission on liver cancer warns of a dramatic increase in cases worldwide, with Africa projected to experience the most significant surge by 2050. The primary driver of this increase is Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), a severe form of Metabolic Associated steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), expected to fuel a 35% rise in liver cancer diagnoses globally by mid-century.
While liver cancer currently ranks as the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, experts believe the disease is significantly underestimated and under-addressed. The report highlights a shift in the underlying causes of liver cancer, moving away from traditional factors like Hepatitis B and C towards lifestyle-related conditions linked to rising obesity and unhealthy diets.
The Changing Face of Liver Cancer: From Hepatitis to Metabolic Disease
Historically, Hepatitis B and C infections were major contributors to liver cancer, particularly in regions with limited access to vaccination and treatment. Fortunately, the report notes that cases linked to these viruses are projected to slightly decline due to ongoing public health efforts. Though, this positive trend is being overshadowed by the rapid growth of MASLD and MASH.
These conditions are directly linked to increasing rates of obesity, driven by the consumption of refined sugars and unhealthy diets. In the United States,over 55% of adults are predicted to develop MASLD by 2040,and similar trends are emerging in Europe and Asia.
Africa at the Epicenter of a New Crisis
The situation is particularly concerning in Africa. While Hepatitis B and C remain a challenge – with Professor Hashem El-Serag of Baylor college of Medicine noting screening and vaccination efforts are lagging – the continent is simultaneously experiencing a rapid adoption of “westernized” diets and lifestyles.
Dr.Kalebi, a contributing author to the report, points to a complex interplay between poverty, diet, and cultural perceptions. He explains that unhealthy, processed foods are becoming increasingly accessible and affordable for lower-income populations, leading to a situation where “metabolic liver disease is becoming a poor man’s disease.” Historically,a larger physique was associated with wealth and prosperity,but this perception is dangerously outdated. The consumption of sugary drinks like Fanta and Coke with simple bread for lunch is cited as a common example of an unhealthy dietary pattern.
Professor El-Serag emphasizes that Africa is facing a “double hit” – the lingering effects of Hepatitis B and C alongside the emerging threat of obesity-related liver disease. He warns that the continent’s increasing “westernization” is exacerbating the problem.
call to Action: Prevention is Key
The Lancet Commission urges immediate global action to curb preventable liver cancer cases. Key recommendations include:
Expanded Hepatitis B Vaccination: Increasing access to and uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine.
Stricter Alcohol Policies: Implementing measures to reduce harmful alcohol consumption.
early Screening: Prioritizing screening for high-risk groups, including individuals with obesity and diabetes.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the risks of unhealthy diets and the importance of liver health. improved Early Detection: Enhancing diagnostic capabilities for early detection of liver cancer. Better Palliative care: Integrating extensive palliative care for patients diagnosed with liver cancer.
The report concludes that a sustained 2-5% annual reduction in liver cancer incidence could prevent up to 17 million cases and 15 million deaths by 2050. Experts stress that proactive, targeted prevention strategies are crucial to altering the current trajectory of this deadly disease.
