Understanding Common Causes of Death for People Living with dementia
In Germany, dementia is a contributing factor in a significant number of deaths.While dementia itself is rarely the direct cause of death, it increases vulnerability to other life-threatening conditions. In 2024, approximately 62,000 of the 1.01 million deaths in Germany occurred in individuals living with dementia, according to the Alzheimer Research Initiative eV (AFI).
As dementia progresses, individuals experience increasing physical and cognitive decline, frequently enough becoming bedridden and more susceptible to infections. This weakened state makes them particularly sensitive to stress, increasing the risk of serious complications.
Pneumonia is a Leading Cause
Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of death for those with advanced dementia, affecting nearly half of individuals in the final two weeks of life. This pneumonia often stems from infections or difficulties swallowing,leading to aspiration – when saliva,food,or liquids enter the lungs and cause inflammation.
Urinary tract infections also pose a significant threat. If left untreated, perhaps due to the challenges dementia presents in expressing symptoms, these infections can escalate to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
Additional Risks & contributing Factors
A compromised immune system common in dementia increases the severity of viral infections like influenza and COVID-19. Physical deterioration and disorientation also elevate the risk of falls,which can lead to injuries,hospitalizations,and surgeries – all placing further strain on a fragile body.
Pre-existing chronic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, further contribute to the risk of stroke and heart attack.
The Importance of Palliative Care
In the late stages of dementia, a natural decline in appetite and fluid intake is common, and is often a part of the natural dying process, even in those without dementia. The AFI emphasizes that artificial nutrition should not be forced during this phase.Rather, focusing on palliative care, guided by a physician, is crucial.
Since Febuary 2025, medical guidelines in Germany have recommended targeted palliative care for individuals with dementia. This approach prioritizes the early detection and relief of pain and discomfort, which might potentially be expressed indirectly through behaviors like restlessness, vocalization, or changes in personality.
For more information, visit the Alzheimer Research Initiative online at www.alzheimer-forschung.de/alzheimer.
