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A new study published in Nature Medicine has revealed distinct immune responses triggered by vegan and ketogenic diets in humans, potentially offering insights into personalized nutrition strategies. The research, led by V.M. Link and colleagues, details how these dietary approaches differentially impact peripheral immune signatures.
The investigation, detailed in the article “Differential peripheral immune signatures elicited by vegan versus ketogenic diets in humans,” found that vegan diets were associated with specific immune profiles, while ketogenic diets elicited different, equally distinct responses. Researchers analyzed immune cell populations and cytokine levels in participants following each diet.
The study highlights the complex interplay between diet and the immune system. The findings, published in 2024 (30:560-572), could have implications for managing inflammatory conditions and optimizing immune function through dietary interventions. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observed differences and to determine the long-term health consequences of these dietary-induced immune shifts.
Related commentary responding to work by D.S. ludwig et al. was published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2025 (121), authored by K.D. Hall, C.M. Sciarrillo, J.Guo, A. Hengist, and V.L. Darcey. This response provides additional context to the ongoing discussion surrounding dietary approaches and metabolic health.
The study is accessible through PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=38291301) and PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878979), and also through CAS (https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXisVyqsr8%3D) and Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Differential%20peripheral%20immune%20signatures%20elicited%20by%20vegan%20versus%20ketogenic%20diets%20in%20humans&journal=Nat.%20Med.&volume=30&pages=560-572&publication_year=2024&author=Link%2CVM).
The ludwig et al. work referenced in the commentary is also available via Google Scholar (
