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First Clade I Mpox Case Detected in the U.S.: What You Need to Know
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The California Department of Public Health has confirmed the first known case of Clade I mpox in the United States, linked to an ongoing outbreak in Central and Eastern Africa. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)iscurrentlyanalyzingsamplesforfurtherviralcharacterizationbutassuresthepublicthattheoverallriskremainslow[1].
Details of the Initial Clade I Mpox Case
The individual diagnosed with clade I mpox recently traveled from Eastern Africa and sought treatment shortly after returning to the United States. After receiving treatment at a local medical facility, the patient was released and has been isolating at home while their symptoms improve. The CDC is collaborating with state health officials to identify and monitor potential contacts.
Did You Know? The mpox virus has two clades: Clade I and Clade II.The recent global outbreak was caused by Clade IIb.
Understanding Mpox Transmission and Prevention
Mpox transmission typically occurs through close contact with an infected person or contaminated materials. Casual contact, such as that during travel, poses a low risk. The CDC recommends the following preventative measures [2]:
- Avoid close contact with individuals exhibiting mpox symptoms,including skin or genital lesions.
- Refrain from touching contaminated items like clothing, bedding, or personal hygiene products used by infected individuals.
- Eligible individuals should receive both recommended doses of the mpox vaccine.
Clade I vs. Clade II Mpox: Key Differences
Mpox has two clades, Clade I and Clade II, each with its own subclades. The recent global outbreak was caused by Clade IIb. While Clade II mpox has been present in the U.S. since 2022,this is the first reported case of Clade I.Historically, Clade I has been associated with more severe illness and higher mortality rates, but recent data suggests that the current Clade I outbreak may present with less severe symptoms, especially with proper medical care.
Pro Tip: You cannot visually distinguish between Clade I and Clade II mpox. Laboratory testing is required for confirmation.
Mpox Symptoms and Incubation Period
Common symptoms of mpox include a rash that may appear on various parts of the body, including the hands, feet, chest, face, mouth, and genitals.The incubation period for mpox ranges from 3 to 17 days, during which an infected person may not experience any symptoms.
Risk Assessment and Public Health Response
The CDC assesses the overall risk of Clade I mpox to the general U.S. population as low. Simulations conducted by the CDC indicate that widespread outbreaks from close-contact transmissions are unlikely. The CDC is actively working with global partners to control mpox transmission at its source, providing resources and support to affected regions in Central and Eastern Africa.
The CDC is also monitoring wastewater samples to detect the presence of both Clade I and Clade II mpox viruses, providing an early warning system for potential outbreaks.This data, combined with other surveillance methods, informs public health actions in collaboration with state and local partners.
Mpox Clade I: Severity and Mortality
Historically, Clade I mpox outbreaks had mortality rates between 3% and 11%. However, recent outbreaks have shown mortality rates as low as 1% with good medical oversight. Subclade Ib, associated with recent travel-related cases, has shown mortality rates of less than 1%, with cases exhibiting relatively mild disease courses.
| Characteristic | Clade I Mpox (Historical) | Clade I mpox (Recent Outbreaks) | Clade II Mpox (Current) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality Rate | 3-11% | ~1% | Lower than Clade I (Recent) |
| Severity | More Severe | Potentially Less Severe | Less Severe |
| Geographic Location | Central and Eastern Africa | Central and Eastern Africa, Travel-associated Cases | Global |
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