Here’s a breakdown of the provided text, highlighting key findings and trends:
Overall Employment:
high Employment Rate: The overall employment rate for graduates remains high at 86.4%, and even exceeds 90% for engineers.
Salaries:
Managers Earn More: Managers earn more than engineers, with an average gross annual salary (excluding bonuses) of €39,010 for all graduates, an increase of 2.2% from the previous year.
Managerial Salary Advantage: Managers earn approximately €1,700 more per year (gross, excluding bonuses) than engineers and €2,200 more than graduates from other specializations.
Widening Gap with Other Fields: The salary gap between managers and graduates from other fields has widened.
Bonuses Increase Advantage: When bonuses are included, the salary advantage for managers becomes even more pronounced, with nearly €4,400 more than engineers and over €5,200 more than other graduates.
Salary Growth: Salary growth is comparable for engineers (+2.4%) and managers (+2.3%). Graduates from other specializations saw a slight decrease (-0.6%).Employment Location:
Stable International Employment: The share of graduates working abroad is relatively stable, at 11.7%.
Managers and Others More International: Managers (14.8%) and graduates from other specializations (14%) are more likely to work internationally than engineers (9%).
International Graduates Abroad: 27.2% of international graduates are employed abroad, with most returning to their country of origin (58%).
Domestic Concentration: Domestic employment is concentrated in the Île-de-France region, with nearly three-quarters of graduate positions located there. Engineers are more likely to work in other regions (61.3%).
Gender Disparities:
Gender Employment Gap: The employment rate for men is 87.6%, compared to 83.3% for women, a gap of 4.3 percentage points, which has widened from the previous year.
Female Engineers Excel: Engineering graduates show the best outcomes for women, with an employment rate of 88.1% and the smallest gender gap (2.2 points).
Disparities in Job Characteristics: Women are less likely to have permanent contracts and are less often employed in executive roles.
Persistent Salary Gaps: men’s average gross salary (excluding bonuses) is 5.2% higher than women’s, though this gap is narrowing.
Quick Hiring for Both: Hiring is quick for both genders, with over 83% finding jobs within two months.
Unemployment and Further Studies:
Rise in Job Seekers: 12.2% of graduates are currently job-seeking, a rise from 8.3% the previous year, attributed to a slowdown in executive role demand.
Few Continuing Studies: Only 3.7% of graduates are pursuing further studies, with engineers being the vast majority of those preparing for a PhD (93.7%).
Women in PhDs: 35.8% of PhD candidates are women.
