Common Viral Infections Linked to Increased Heart Disease & Stroke Risk
A complete new analysis reveals a significant connection between common viral infections - including influenza,COVID-19,hepatitis C,and shingles – and a heightened risk of serious cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke.The study, a meta-analysis of 155 observational studies published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, demonstrates increased risk in the weeks following infection, and long-term risk with viruses that establish persistent infections.
Led by researchers at UCLA, the systematic review examined existing literature to understand the relationship between viral infections and cardiovascular health. Researchers noted that while the link between viruses and cancer is well-established, the connection to heart disease and stroke is less understood.
The analysis,encompassing studies conducted primarily in North America,Europe,and East Asia between 1997 and July 2024,revealed striking findings. Influenza was associated with a fourfold increase in heart attack risk and a fivefold increase in stroke risk within the first month of infection.Hepatitis C infection showed a 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease and a 23% higher risk of stroke.
Persistent viral infections also showed a clear link to cardiovascular problems.Individuals with HIV had a 60% increased risk of coronary heart disease and a 45% increased risk of stroke. Similarly, those infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) experienced a 74% higher risk of coronary heart disease and a 69% higher risk of stroke. Even shingles, which affects approximately one in three people, was associated with a 12% increased risk of both coronary heart disease and stroke. The evidence regarding cytomegalovirus and its impact on cardiovascular disease was deemed inconclusive.
Researchers believe these increased risks stem from the body’s immune response to viral infections,which triggers inflammation and can promote blood clot formation – processes that can continue even after the initial infection subsides. While the immediate risks following influenza and COVID-19 are higher, the prolonged nature of infections like HIV, hepatitis C, and shingles means their associated cardiovascular risks remain clinically significant at a population level.
The study underscores the importance of preventative measures,particularly for individuals already at risk for cardiovascular disease. The researchers conclude that vaccination might potentially be a crucial tool in reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke, highlighting the potential for a broader approach to cardiovascular health that includes viral prevention.
