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Tuberculosis

Coughing as a Sign of Tuberculosis: Symptoms, Transmission, and Prevention – Expert Advice

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com March 7, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Doctors say coughing is a sign of tuberculosis (TB) which usually lasts more than two weeks and produces phlegm. (illustration)

REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, JAKARTA — Pulmonary specialist at the National Brain Center Hospital, Prof. Dr. Mahar Mardjono Jakarta, Dr. Windi Novariani Dwiastiti, Sp P, reminded that coughing, a sign of tuberculosis (TB), usually lasts more than two weeks and produces phlegm.

“Usually if the cough lasts for less than two weeks it is still possible to have pneumonia. But be careful with diabetes patients, HIV patients, people with low immunity,” he said in an online seminar, in Jakarta, Thursday (7/3/2024).

Windi said this cough is different from asthma, which usually does not produce phlegm, but appears due to triggers such as fatigue and cold. Tuberculosis, which is often abbreviated as TB or TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

This disease can attack anyone and the body organs attacked are usually the lungs, spine, skin, brain, lymph nodes and heart. Then, further regarding the symptoms of TB, apart from coughing with phlegm, there is also coughing with blood, fever, decreased weight and appetite.

Those with these symptoms, he added, are advised to consult a doctor to get treatment and not become a source of infection for those around them. “TB transmission, if (the patient) talks, coughs and sneezes can release a million germs and if the germs are in a closed room the ventilation is not good, the germs will last a long time and if they are inhaled by someone with poor immunity they can get TB,” he said.

Therefore, he reminded TB patients to practice proper cough etiquette, including covering their mouth and nose with the inside of their arm and washing their hands with running water and soap. Then talking about TB cases in Jakarta, Kramat Jati, East Jakarta was one of the areas where cases were found.

Head of the Kramat Jati Health Center, Inda Mutiara, said that the highest distribution of cases was in Cililitan and Kampung Tengah subdistricts with more than 200 cases.

source: Between

2024-03-07 10:45:41
#Doctor #Warns #Cough #Sign #Lasting #Weeks #Republika #Online

March 7, 2024 0 comments

Health

Efforts to Accelerate Tuberculosis Case Discovery in Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com February 18, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

KOMPAS/PRIYOMBODO

X-ray results of one of the residents in the Active Case Finding TB activity at the Larangan District office, Tangerang City, Banten, Thursday (5/1/2023). This screening activity is an effort to accelerate the discovery of TB cases in the community early considering that TB is an infectious disease.

JAKARTA, KOMPAS — Tuberculosis is still a serious health threat in Indonesia. At least 16 people die every hour from tuberculosis. New cases of tuberculosis also increased to more than 1 million cases in one year.

Everyone’s awareness of dealing with tuberculosis comprehensively is very necessary, from prevention to treatment. Multisectoral collaboration is absolutely necessary so that the target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2030 can be achieved.

“The cure for (tuberculosis) already exists. The germ is known. The medicines are also effective. Diagnostic tools exist, from simple to sophisticated. The DOTS method (short-term drug therapy) is also well known. But why do TB (tuberculosis) cases continue to increase?” said Erlina Burhan.

Erlina Burhan stated this in a scientific speech regarding her inauguration as Permanent Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, in Jakarta, Saturday (17/2/2024). Erlina was confirmed as the 8th professor at the University of Indonesia in 2024.

Also read: Indonesia is in second place with the highest number of tuberculosis cases in the world

He said that the unresolved tuberculosis case in Indonesia was a tragedy that had to be overcome together. Tuberculosis is a complex societal burden.

The cure for (tuberculosis) already exists. The germ is known. The medicines are also merciful. Diagnostic tools exist, from simple to sophisticated. The DOTS method (short-term drug therapy) is also well known. But why do TB (tuberculosis) cases continue to increase?

A person contracting tuberculosis not only has medical or health impacts, but also economic and social impacts. This is exacerbated by stigma, discrimination, and the risk of losing a job or dropping out of school.

FKUI

FKUI Professor Erlina Burhan

Therefore, according to Erlina, the problem of tuberculosis must be resolved immediately. The world and Indonesia have targeted the elimination of TB by 2030. In that year, the target is to reduce the tuberculosis death rate by 90 percent. Every TB patient and their family must also be free from the burden of costs due to tuberculosis.

In addition, the incidence rate or new cases of tuberculosis must be reduced to 80 percent. If in 2030 it is projected that Indonesia’s population will reach 300 million people, the number of new cases of tuberculosis is targeted at only around 300 people. Currently, the number of new cases of tuberculosis in Indonesia has reached 1,060,000 people.

“If the (intervention) is business as usual, which is just like that, the decline is only 1.5 percent per year. So, it is unlikely that it will lead to the elimination of TB. “We have to change and we have to carry out transformation in all fields,” he said.

Also read: Reducing the “Feeling of Shortness” in Tuberculosis Patients

Erlina said that efforts that must be made include, among other things, optimizing all available diagnostic instruments, strengthening treatment, preventing transmission, and utilizing all technological advances and innovations related to tuberculosis.

One of the innovations being developed is a new tuberculosis vaccine. The BCG vaccine that has been given so far is considered to be ineffective. Developments have also now been carried out to find tuberculosis treatment therapies with a shorter duration.

Collaboration

Erlina believes that another important effort to achieve the elimination of tuberculosis by 2030 is harmonization across sectors. Various approaches to controlling tuberculosis are actually available, both at the individual and population levels. However, this approach is considered to be still sporadic. The various parties involved have not synergized well.

“We must move together according to our respective roles, complementing and strengthening each other to create joint work in the form of orchestration. So, collaboration is needed, starting from the president and ministries, not just the health ministry. “Only 30 percent of tuberculosis is medical related, the rest are non-medical problems,” he said.

Erlina said that Indonesia’s efforts to eliminate tuberculosis must be in line with global programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for eliminating tuberculosis through the End TB Strategy program.

KOMPAS/PRIYOMBODO

A medical officer marks the arm of a resident undergoing a Mantoux test during the Active Case Finding TB activity at the Larangan District office, Tangerang City, Banten, Thursday (5/1/2023). This TB screening activity targets 200 residents in the area.

There are at least three main pillars that need to be considered, namely integrated and patient-centered tuberculosis services and prevention, the importance of policy and political commitment in the health sector to eliminate tuberculosis, and the importance of research and innovation to face challenges related to tuberculosis.

Apart from multi-sector collaboration within the country, collaboration in treating tuberculosis needs to be carried out internationally. International collaboration can strengthen research and development capacity, and increase access to effective medicines.

Also read: Still the highest in the world, the government continues to accelerate the elimination of tuberculosis

Previously, Health Minister Budi Gunadi Sadikin stated in an official statement that Indonesia was committed to eradicating tuberculosis at the global level. Indonesia has been involved in the Alliance of Countries to Combat Tuberculosis initiative with Nigeria, the Philippines and Poland.

“I believe that by uniting forces, we can win the fight against tuberculosis,” he said.

2024-02-18 14:21:33
#Strengthen #Multisector #Collaboration #Achieve #Target #Tuberculosis #Elimination

February 18, 2024 0 comments

Health

Understanding the Meaning of Sputum Colors: What Your Phlegm Is Telling You About Your Health

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com January 23, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Doctors say that the color of sputum can determine the health status of the body. (Schematic diagram/pixabay)

Phlegm is the secretion of the human respiratory tract. It can keep the respiratory tract moist and absorb dust, bacteria and other microorganisms to be expelled from the body. According to common sense, usually healthy people have no phlegm or only a small amount of thin phlegm. If there is a problem with the respiratory tract, Through the color and state of phlegm, you can know whether the body is sending a warning signal. Hu Haochun, director of the Department of Otolaryngology at Fuzhou University Hospital, took stock of the four sputum colors that each represent different meanings. Among them, red or pink sputum is usually related to blood. If it is accompanied by acute symptoms such as chest tightness, wheezing, fever, etc., or if there are no symptoms above but the cough does not improve for more than 1 month, be sure to seek medical treatment immediately, as it may be a heart or lung problem. .

Hu Haochun analyzed on his Facebook page that each of the four sputum colors represents different meanings. (Picture/reproduced from Facebook)

Hu Haochun analyzed the meanings of the following four colors on the Facebook page “Life Yiji Dr. Hu Haochun-Otolaryngology Department of Fuzhou University Hospital Xinzhuang Wugu Taishan”:

1. Transparent or light white sputum: Usually normal respiratory secretions, which help keep the respiratory tract moist and capture tiny dust and bacteria. However, it should be noted that if transparent sputum is accompanied by cough or other symptoms, medical treatment may still be required.

2. Yellow or green phlegm: This is usually a sign of respiratory infection and represents the chemicals released by white blood cells when fighting pathogens. It may be a cold, flu or other respiratory disease.

3. Red or pink phlegm: Usually related to blood, it may be ruptured blood vessels in the respiratory tract, or other serious respiratory problems. If it is accompanied by shortness of breath or chest pain, be sure to seek medical treatment.

Hu Haochun also pointed out that phlegm and nasal mucus are both natural secretions of the body and play an important role in maintaining moisturization and cleanliness of the respiratory tract. In addition to the color of the sputum mentioned above, the viscosity of the sputum is also worth observing, as it may be affected by the body’s moisture status. An overly dry environment may cause phlegm to become thicker, while too much moisture may cause phlegm to become thin. Normal phlegm should be of moderate consistency, which helps to clear the respiratory tract. In addition, pediatrician Chen Yingzhuang previously pointed out on the Facebook page “Jianjiakang” that some people always cough up endless phlegm, and phlegm also has different colors:

1. White phlegm: usually caused by colds or allergies.

2. White foamy sputum: chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary hydrops, poor heart function, abnormal kidney function, etc.

3. Yellow-green sputum: bacterial infection such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or tuberculosis.

4. Bronze-colored sputum containing fishy odor: may lead to lung abscess. Lung abscess is caused by bacteria destroying lung tissue and causing pus to accumulate to form an abscess.

5. Blood-streaked sputum: Mucosal bleeding caused by coughing, or diseases such as tuberculosis and lung cancer.

Chen Yingzhuang also reminded that once you find that the phlegm turns from clear to thick or appears in various colors, it is usually an early symptom of bronchitis, pneumonia or other lung diseases, and you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to find out the cause.

Hu Haochun analyzed on his Facebook page that each of the four sputum colors represents different meanings. (Picture/reproduced from Facebook)
2024-01-23 10:02:58

#types #sputum #colors #identify #health #conditions #Doctors #reveal #phenomenon #heart #lung #problems #Lifestyle #CTWANT

January 23, 2024 0 comments

Health

Why Do Mexicans Have a Scar on Their Right Arm? The Truth About the BCG Vaccine

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com January 17, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Written in NACIÓN on 1/16/2024 · 11:09 p.m.

There are many things that characterize a Mexican: his warmth, good humor, love of spicy food… and brand that we all have in right arm. And although perhaps not all of us have it, most of us do, especially if you are from the generation of the millennials or even if you were born after the 50s.

The reason is that, this scar It is caused by the vaccine against tuberculosisalso known as BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), which began to be applied at that time and is administered after birth.

However, this small brand It is nothing more than part of your body’s normal reaction, so if you have always wondered, here we will tell you more about why we Mexicans have this scar.

If I don’t have this scar I was not vaccinated?

According to information from the Health Secretarythis begins as a nodule that becomes an ulcer and later a scab that, when it falls off, 6 to 12 weeks after vaccination, remains like scarwhose shape may also depend on your type of cicatrization and if it was placed correctly.

However, this is not the only reaction, since swelling of the nodes in the armpit of the vaccinated arm may also occur.

Although the scar It is certain that you have been vaccinated, not having it does not mean the opposite, since the Spanish Association of Vaccinology points out that this reaction appears in 90% to 95% of those vaccinated, therefore, it is very likely that you have been vaccinated. vaccinated. Although, we recommend that you check your vaccination record to confirm it.

What is the vaccine for? tuberculosis BCG?

At vacuna BCG, which means Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin, was created in 1921 by Léon Calmette and Alphonse Guérin, giving rise to the name. This protects against severe forms of the disease, such as tuberculous meningitis and the tuberculosis billion.

The tuberculosis It is a serious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that affects lungs, bones, kidneys and meninges. The main symptom of the disease is cough, accompanied by expectoration of blood, shortness of breath, fever, among others.

This is a disease transmitted from person to person through the air, through coughing, sneezing or speaking. Asymptomatic people can also transmit the disease, although more severe cases of the disease tuberculosis can be prevented by BCG vaccinewhich must be taken at birth and before the age of 4.

2024-01-17 05:09:00
#Mexicans #scar #arm #story

January 17, 2024 0 comments

Health

Ministry of Health Warns of Escalating Cases of Neglected Infectious Diseases

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com December 20, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

KOMPAS/PRIYOMBODO

A medical officer marks the arm of a resident undergoing a Mantoux test during the “Active Case Finding TB” activity at the Larangan District office, Tangerang City, Banten, Thursday (5/1/2023).

JAKARTA, KOMPAS – During the Covid-19 pandemic, all attention was paid to treating various diseases. This makes efforts to control diseases other than Covid-19 suboptimal and uncontrollable. Reports of an increase in cases currently occurring are predicted to continue to increase.

Director of Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases at the Ministry of Health, Imran Pambudi, when met at the Ministry of Health office in Jakarta, Wednesday (20/12/2023), said that cases of neglected infectious diseases such as rabies and leprosy, as well as other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, were reported to continue to increase. This happened because during the pandemic, efforts to find new cases decreased significantly.

Also read: Be alert during the Covid-19 endemic

If new cases are not found, it means they cannot be treated and treated immediately, so the risk of transmission is increasingly widespread. Apart from that, treatment efforts in the community during the pandemic have also decreased because most people are afraid and worried about coming to health facilities.

If new cases are not found, it means they cannot be treated and treated immediately, so the risk of transmission is increasingly widespread. Apart from that, treatment efforts in the community during the pandemic have also decreased.

“The increase in cases of tuberculosis, leprosy and rabies is expected to continue to increase for 2-3 years after the pandemic. “This must be anticipated by starting to strengthen case detection in the community again,” he said.

Referring to data from the Ministry of Health, the trend in reported cases of tuberculosis deaths is increasing. In fact, the number of tuberculosis cases found is decreasing. As of December 18, 2023, deaths due to tuberculosis that occurred in 2023 reached 20,867 cases. This is an increase from 2018 when 10,682 cases were reported, 12,469 cases in 2019, 13,110 cases in 2020, and 14,152 cases in 2021.

MINISTRY OF HEALTH

Tuberculosis case trend data

Meanwhile, there were 570,289 cases of tuberculosis found in 2018, in 2019 there were 568,987 cases, in 2020 there were 393,323 cases, in 2021 there were 443,235 cases, and in 2023 it has only increased again to 768,422 cases.

Increased cases also occurred in leprosy and rabies. In leprosy, the number of cases recorded until the third quarter of 2023 reached 18,886 cases. This figure is even higher than in 2018 when 18,529 cases were reported. In rabies cases, an increase was not only found in the number of cases of bites from rabies-infecting animals but also in the death rate.

Also Read: Climate Change Increases the Threat of Infectious Diseases

The number of animal bites that transmit rabies in 2018 was reported to be 80,617 cases. It increased to 94,841 cases in 2019 and began to decline in 2021 to 57,257 cases. After that, a significant increase was reported to at least 154,877 cases as of November 2023. Meanwhile, in terms of deaths, in 2018 it was reported as many as 111 cases, in 2019 as many as 105 cases, in 2021 as many as 62 cases, and 117 cases in 2023.

Imran said that efforts to control infectious diseases in society must be increased again. Prevention, case finding and surveillance efforts need to be strengthened so that cases in the community can be handled immediately so that transmission does not spread further.

DEONISIA ARLINTA

Director of Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Imran Pambudi

“Public awareness and willingness to be examined and treated is also very important as the key to controlling infectious diseases. “Mitigation efforts are also well prepared to anticipate if cases increase,” he said.

Countermeasures

Separately, the Director of Postgraduate Studies at Yarsi University who is also a Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Tjandra Yoga Aditama, said that various warnings had actually been conveyed to various stakeholders not to neglect efforts to control other infectious diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic. The threat of other infectious diseases will increase if control efforts are relaxed.

According to him, when a pandemic occurs, there is not only a decline in efforts to examine and find cases in the community, but also in efforts to educate, prevent and treat. Therefore, efforts to control various diseases must be carried out better than before the pandemic to overcome backwardness.

Also read: Indonesia’s tough task in dealing with infectious diseases

“We have several targets for controlling infectious diseases and these targets must be achieved by implementing a clear road map. We must immediately be able to eliminate and even eradicate several neglected infectious diseases. These cases are few in number but they are not disappearing. “So, commitment is needed so that it can be eliminated,” said Tjandra.

2023-12-20 12:40:30
#Impact #Pandemic #Neglected #Infectious #Diseases #Continue #Increase

December 20, 2023 0 comments

News

WHO ranks Thailand as number 1 in the world in universal health coverage for tuberculosis.

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com November 20, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

World Health Organization Praise Thailand for being number 1 in the world in access to universal health coverage for tuberculosis. Take care of the people equally, with quality, efficiency, and comprehensiveness in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

From the stage of The Union World Conference on Lung Health 2023 in Paris, France. The World Health Organization (WHO) praises Thailand. According to the 2023 Global Tuberculosis Report, it is number one in the world in terms of access to universal health coverage for tuberculosis, Universal health coverage (UHC).

The report found that among the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis burden in the world, Thailand has taken care of citizens to receive health services regarding tuberculosis. Equally, with quality and efficiency comprehensive and thorough including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis.

Dr. Niti Hetanurak, Deputy Director-General of the Department of Disease Control, said that Thailand’s universal health coverage system for tuberculosis It is a state health service that provides fairness to all sections of the population. Everyone in society receives equal health insurance. Both in screening for tuberculosis using chest x-rays. Laboratory diagnostic tests Diagnosis of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis

along with detecting latent infections and providing preventive medicine for tuberculosis to all citizens in the country. including citizens who do not have medical welfare rights Civil servant rights Social security rights or other medical welfare rights provided by the state It is in line with the policy for all citizens in the country to have universal health coverage. Able to access comprehensive tuberculosis health services without having to worry about any costs in order to achieve success according to the Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs./Target 3.8) within the year 2030.

For various rights in the universal health coverage system for tuberculosis include:

Tuberculosis screening using chest x-ray In the population of 7 risk groups
Laboratory diagnostic tests
Examination of sputum with AFB acid-resistant stain and Molecular Assay(Xpert) method
Diagnosis of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis using TB-LAMP and Line Probe Assay or Real-time PCR methods.
Detection of latent infection by means of substance level detection. Interferon-gamma in the blood (Interferon-gamma release assay: IGRA)
Providing those infected with latent tuberculosis to receive the anti-TB drug Rifapentine + Isoniazid, etc.

Dr. Phlin Kamolwat, a qualified doctor from the Department of Disease Control in tuberculosis, is acting director of the Division of Tuberculosis, representing Thailand on tuberculosis, The National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) Thailand, at the international conference The Union World Conference on Lung Health. 2023 said from the meeting stage The World Health Organization (WHO) has praised Thailand. According to the Global tuberculosis report for the year 2023, it is number one in the world. Regarding access to universal health coverage in the area of tuberculosis

WHO ranks Thailand as number 1 in the world for universal health coverage in tuberculosis.

According to the Global tuberculosis report 2023, it was found that among the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis burden in the world, Thailand has consistently implemented universal health coverage for tuberculosis at the top level in the world. There is care to ensure that people receive equitable, quality, and efficient tuberculosis health services.

including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis. make international acceptance Until the World Health Organization praised and named Thailand number one in the world with the best universal health coverage system for tuberculosis in 2023 on the stage of The Union World Conference on Lung Health 2023 held in Paris, France. From 13-18 November 2023

WHO ranks Thailand as number 1 in the world for universal health coverage in tuberculosis.

2023-11-20 12:00:00
#ranks #Thailand #number #world #universal #health #coverage #tuberculosis

November 20, 2023 0 comments

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