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Health

Oldest Black Hole Found: A Cosmic Discovery

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Oldest Black Hole ever Discovered Challenges Cosmic Formation Theories

Jakarta, Indonesia – July 29, 2025 – Astronomers have identified the most distant and oldest black hole ever observed, dating back to just 300 million years after the big Bang. The finding, made using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is forcing scientists to reconsider existing models of black hole formation in the early universe. The black hole, residing within a galaxy designated as GN-z11, is estimated to be several million times the mass of our Sun.

This finding is particularly surprising given the limited amount of matter available in the early universe. Current theories suggest that black holes grow by accreting matter, a process that would have been considerably slower in the nascent cosmos. The sheer size of this ancient black hole implies either an exceptionally rapid growth rate or a fundamentally diffrent formation mechanism than previously understood.

“This adds evidence that the initial black hole grew much faster than we thought. or maybe thay were born wiht a size far larger than our model predicted,” explained Steven Finkelstein, Director of the Cosmic Frontier Center at the University of Texas at Austin and a lead author of the study, published in the journal Nature on July 28, 2025.

Read too: Scientists find a galaxy of the birthplace of the supermasi black hole

Unraveling the Mystery of ‘little Red Dots’

The research team is now focusing on a population of faint, red galaxies, nicknamed “Little Red Dots” (LRDs), observed by JWST. These galaxies, unlike those previously seen by the Hubble Space Telescope, appear surprisingly bright in the infrared spectrum.The ancient black hole was discovered within one of these LRDs.

“The discovery of LRD is a big surprise from JWSTS initial data, because they are very different from the galaxy seen by the Hubble telescope,” said Finkelstein. “Now, we are in the process of understanding what they realy are, and how they can be formed.” further observations with JWST’s high-resolution capabilities are planned to determine the exact nature of these LRDs and their role in early black hole formation.

The team utilized JWST’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instruments to analyze the light from GN-z11, determining its redshift – a measure of how much the light has been stretched by the expansion of the universe – and thus its distance and age.

The discovery of this oldest black hole represents a important advancement in modern cosmology. It challenges the limits of current observational technology and prompts a re-evaluation of theories regarding black hole formation in the early universe. The GN-z11 galaxy is located approximately 13.4 billion light-years from Earth.

With JWST continuing its observations, astronomers anticipate discovering more similar ancient black holes, each discovery bringing us closer to understanding the origins of the universe and the evolution of galaxies. The research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation and NASA.

Read too: What is our universe trapped in a black hole?


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Technology

Webb reveals structures in planetary nebula, sheds new light on the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
written by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor

Webb Telescope Unveils Hidden Depths of Planetary Nebula

New Infrared Views Rewrite Understanding of Stellar Evolution and Cosmic Distances

The James Webb Space Telescope has captured unprecedented detail within a planetary nebula, offering a fresh perspective on the complex processes of star death. These new observations are also providing novel insights into the deep universe, complementing earlier landmark studies.

Webb’s Infrared Capabilities Illuminate NGC 6072

Newly released images from the Webb telescope showcase the intricate structures within NGC 6072, a planetary nebula. This celestial object, located about 3,000 light-years away, is a critical stage in the life cycle of Sun-like stars. Webb’s advanced infrared instruments are revealing features previously obscured by dust.

These observations provide scientists with detailed data on the gas and dust distribution, offering clues about the star’s final moments. Such insights are crucial for refining models of stellar evolution.

Cosmic Yardstick Refined by Webb’s Deep Field Views

Beyond nebulae, Webb’s powerful gaze has also revisited the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). This re-examination aims to improve the accuracy of cosmic distance measurements by better characterizing the galaxies within the field. Accurate distance measurements are fundamental to understanding the universe’s expansion rate and age.

For context, accurately measuring distances to galaxies is a cornerstone of cosmology. For instance, recent studies utilizing JWST data have helped refine estimates for the Hubble constant, with values around 70 km/s/Mpc, though discrepancies persist (NASA, 2023).

Unprecedented Clarity in Stellar Remnants

The Webb telescope’s ability to peer through cosmic dust allows for a clearer view of the outflows and structures within NGC 6072. These details include jets of material and intricate patterns of ionization that were not visible in previous Hubble Space Telescope images.

The analysis of these new data is expected to shed light on the mechanisms that shape planetary nebulae. Understanding these processes helps astronomers piece together the evolutionary paths of stars similar to our own Sun.

The James Webb Space Telescope captured this detailed image of the planetary nebula NGC 6072.

The scientific community anticipates that the comprehensive data from these Webb observations will lead to numerous peer-reviewed studies. These will further enhance our understanding of the universe’s evolution, from individual stars to the vast cosmic web.

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Technology

Dark Dwarfs: New Objects Could Reveal Dark Matter Secrets

by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
written by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor

Scientists Propose “Dark Dwarfs” as Potential Key to Unlocking Dark Matter Mystery

An international team of scientists, spearheaded by a researcher from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, has put forth a novel concept: “dark dwarfs.” These theoretical celestial bodies coudl offer crucial insights into dark matter, one of the universe’s most profound enigmas.

Dark matter, an invisible substance comprising approximately 25% of the universe’s total matter, eludes direct observation as it neither emits nor reflects light. Its presence is inferred solely thru its gravitational influence. Despite extensive research over many decades, the precise nature of dark matter remains unknown.

The proposed theory suggests that dark dwarfs might originate from brown dwarfs – celestial objects described as “failed stars” due to their insufficient mass to sustain the nuclear fusion that powers conventional stars. These brown dwarfs,when situated in regions of high dark matter density,such as the core of the Milky Way galaxy,could capture dark matter particles.

Within these hypothetical dark dwarfs, the captured dark matter particles are theorized to collide and annihilate each other, releasing energy. This energy release, distinct from the nuclear fusion powering stars like our Sun, is believed to sustain the object’s glow over extended periods.

Researchers indicate that a potential identifying characteristic of these dark dwarfs could be the presence of lithium. Unlike in ordinary stars where lithium is rapidly consumed, it is predicted to persist within dark dwarfs, providing a means to differentiate them from brown dwarfs. Advanced astronomical instruments, such as the james Webb Space Telescope, may be capable of detecting dark dwarfs by searching for these unique lithium signatures within the galactic centre.

Jeremy Sakstein, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, stated, “Finding dark dwarfs would be an crucial step toward understanding the true nature of dark matter and the fundamental makeup of the universe.” He also highlighted the importance of Hawaiʻi’s extensive history in astronomical research, positioning UH Mānoa as a vital center for investigating the universe’s most profound questions.

This research was published in july 2025 in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. The Department of Physics and Astronomy is part of the College of Natural Sciences at UH Mānoa.

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Technology

Dark Dwarf The Mysterious Star of Dark Materials That Can Shine at the Galaxy Center

by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
written by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
Ilustrasi (Freepik)

New concepts in astrophysics sticking out: researchers propose the existence of a mysterious type of star named “dark dwarf” – Not a fictional creature from the world of Tolkien, but an exotic sky object that is believed to be hidden in the center of galaxy.

Different from the dark name, “Dark” here is not referring to ordinary darkness, but at Dark material (Dark Matter) – Mysterious substances that form about 85% of the total mass of the universe but do not emit or reflect light. Although invisible, this material has a very real influence of gravity.

According to the new study, Brown Dwarf or “The star failed“-Sky objects that are too small to trigger nuclear fusion such as the Sun-can be a trap of gravity for dark material. When dark material is attracted and accumulate in it, it can interact and” destroy “(self-annihilate), releasing heat energy.

Read too: James Webb Reveals New Citra Bullet Cluster, Important Instructions for Dark Material

“Dark material can be interested in gravity and trapped in stars. If the amount is sufficient and it can interact on its own, then the energy released will heat the star,” explained Jeremy Sakstein, Astrophysikawan from the University of Hawai’i.

New energy in the heart of the galaxy

Table of Contents

Brown Dwarf is formed like an ordinary star from gas clouds and dust, but the mass is too small to start a hydrogen fusion. As a result, they only shine weak from gravitational contractions and a little fusion reaction.

But in the core of the galaxy, where the concentration of dark material is very high, Brown Dwarf can collect this material in large quantities and trigger an unusual process – making it “dark dwarf” with alternative energy sources.

Read too: The giant star turned out to be “vomiting” more material before becoming a black hole

“Dark Dwarf has a mass of about 8% of the sun,” said Sakstein. “The more dark material around it, the more that can be captured, and the greater the energy released.”

This phenomenon is only possible if dark material particles can interact with each other. One of the candidates for particles that meet these criteria is WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) – heavy particles that interact weakly with ordinary material, but are strong enough with each other to produce energy.

How to detect it: Find Litium-7 Traces

The idea of ​​Dark Dwarf certainly will not mean if there is no way to distinguish it from ordinary Brown Dwarf. The research team proposed the chemical footprint of Lithium-7 as a unique marker. This isotopes are flammable and will quickly disappear in ordinary stars. However, if an object resembles a brown dwarf but still contains Litium-7, it could be a Dark Dwarf candidate.

“Litium-7 can be a typical marker. If there are objects that resemble Dark Dwarf and still have lithium, then it is likely that it is not an ordinary star,” Sakstein explained.

Potential detection by today’s telescope

Sakstein believes that the Telescope of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is strong enough to detect cold and dim objects like Dark Dwarf. In addition, astronomers can also analyze the population of certain sky objects statistically to see whether there are sub-groups of dark dwarfs between them.

If only one Dark Dwarf can be detected at the center of our galaxy, it will be a strong clue that dark material consists of heavy particles such as WIMP that can interact with each other.

“If it’s true, this can be a real proof that dark material is not only an invisible mass, but something that is active and can change the way we understand the universe,” concluded Sakstein. (Space/z-2)

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Technology

James Webb Telescope: First Exoplanet Directly Imaged

by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
written by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor

Webb Telescope Spots First Exoplanet Via Direct Imaging – A New Era in Planet Hunting

Paris, France – In a landmark achievement for exoplanet research, the James Webb Space Telescope has directly imaged its first exoplanet, TWA 7b, located a mere 100 light-years from Earth. This breakthrough, published in Nature, marks a significant leap forward in our ability to discover and study worlds beyond our solar system [[1]].For years,the vast majority of the nearly 6,000 exoplanets discovered have been identified indirectly,by observing the slight dimming of a star’s light as a planet passes in front of it. Direct imaging – actually seeing a planet – is a far more challenging feat due to the overwhelming brightness of the host star and the relative faintness of the planet itself [[3]].

“Webb has spent an enormous amount of time observing planets that have never been directly imaged,” explained lead study author Anne-Marie Lagrange of the Paris Observatory.

The telescope overcame this hurdle using its Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) equipped with a coronagraph – a device that blocks the star’s light, akin to a solar eclipse, allowing the infrared vision of Webb to detect the planet [[2]].

TWA 7b orbits the young star TWA 7, a relatively nearby system at just 6.4 million years old,still enveloped in a massive disc of gas and dust where planets are actively forming. The system’s unique orientation, viewed from above, provides an unobstructed view of the star’s impressive ring system, previously observed by the Very Large Telescope in Chile.

Why This Matters:

This discovery isn’t just about finding another exoplanet. It demonstrates Webb’s unparalleled capability to directly image planets, opening up exciting new avenues for atmospheric analysis and a deeper understanding of planetary formation. Expect a surge in exoplanet discoveries as astronomers leverage this new technology to explore the cosmos.

CTA: Learn more about the james Webb Space telescope and its mission to unravel the mysteries of the universe.

SEO Keywords: James Webb Space Telescope, exoplanet, TWA 7b, direct imaging, astronomy, space, planets, NASA, infrared telescope, exoplanet discovery, planetary formation.

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Health

JWST Discovers Tiny Galaxy Rewriting Cosmic History

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

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