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Duties, Markets, Trump: Italy Stock Exchange News

by Lucas Fernandez – World Editor
written by Lucas Fernandez – World Editor

European Markets Show Modest Gains Amid Trade Uncertainty

European stock markets opened with a generally positive sentiment, with Milan’s FTSE MIB index showing a slight rise. The benchmark index was trading at 39,971 points, up 0.51%.

This modest uptick occurs against a backdrop of significant market concerns. Investors are closely monitoring potential shifts in U.S. commercial policies, particularly the possibility of new tariffs.Specifically, there is apprehension regarding the implementation of 30% duties on European Union goods, which could take effect as early as August 1st.

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Health

Organ chip technology accurately predicts chemotherapy response in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

New Cancer Chip Predicts Chemotherapy Success in Esophageal Cancer

A groundbreaking approach to personalized medicine may revolutionize the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This innovative “Cancer Chip” accurately forecasts patient responses to chemotherapy, offering hope for more effective and less toxic cancer care.

Predicting Chemotherapy Outcomes

Esophageal adenocarcinoma, a particularly deadly form of cancer, currently lacks effective targeted therapies. Patients typically receive chemotherapy, often before surgery, to shrink tumors. However, many become resistant, leading to poor outcomes. The absence of tools to predict a patient’s response to chemotherapy is a critical unmet need.

Researchers, including Donald Ingber at Harvard’s Wyss Institute and Lorenzo Ferri from McGill University, developed a personalized medicine solution using human Organ Chip technology. This technology co-cultures EAC organoids alongside stromal cells taken from patient biopsies to create patient-specific Cancer Chip models. These chips mimic the tumor microenvironment, improving the accuracy of chemotherapy response predictions compared to traditional 3D organoid models.

The Cancer Chip approach can stratify patients quickly, within twelve days, into responders and non-responders. It also facilitates exploration of different chemotherapy agents for resistant patients in a clinically useful time frame. The findings were reported in the *Journal of Translational Medicine*.

“This patient-centered approach strongly builds on our previous successes using human Organ Chip technology to recapitulate each individual cancer patient’s TME outside their body so that we can identify the drug combination that will work best for that very patient.”

—Donald Ingber, Founding Director at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University

In the United States, the five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer is only 20% (American Cancer Society, 2023).

Modeling Esophageal Pathologies

The teams of Ingber and Ferri previously collaborated in 2023 on a study modeling Barrett’s esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus is a potential precursor to EAC. The disease results from pathological changes to the esophageal lining. These changes begin with inflammation, often induced by acid reflux, and continue through tissue transformation. This transformation creates stomach-like tissue, ultimately leading to cancer.

Elee Shimshoni, who worked with Ingber, said: “Only by reconstituting key components of the TME and mimicking some of its fluid flows, were we able to achieve physiologically relevant drug exposure, and to accurately predict patient-specific responses to NACT in personalized EAC Chips. This could not be done using cancer organoids.”

From Patients to Cancer Chips and Back

The team created their TME-mimicking EAC Chips by generating personalized EAC organoids from biopsies of newly diagnosed patients. Sanjima Pal and colleagues at McGill University were able to make patient-matched esophageal organoids. Next, they broke up the organoids, cultured the cells in channels of a microfluidic chip, and added tumor-associated fibroblasts from the same patients to form a tumor stroma. A porous membrane allowed the cancer and stromal tissues to exchange molecules, replicating the actual tumor environment. Then, the researchers added a docetaxel-based chemotherapy cocktail into the nutrient fluids that flowed through the stromal channel, matching chemotherapy cycles in EAC patients.

For a cohort of eight patients, the EAC Chips accurately predicted responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy within 12 days. The chemotherapy killed the EAC cells in four chips, while the cells survived in the others. These results mirrored the patients’ actual responses and their survival rates after tumor removal surgery. The research was funded by a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge STrOmal ReprogramMing (STORMing Cancer) grant.

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Technology

Intel Cuts: Accenture & AI Reshape Marketing Roles

by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor
written by Rachel Kim – Technology Editor

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CN Bio‘s New Animal Microphysiological System Enhances Drug Safety Testing

Table of Contents

CN Bio has launched new animal microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to improve the accuracy of preclinical drug safety and toxicology assessments. Thes innovative models aim to bridge the gap between conventional animal studies and human trials, perhaps reducing the risk of late-stage drug failures. The new service expands upon CN Bio’s existing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) assay, recognized by the FDA, offering a more reliable method for predicting human responses to new drugs.

Addressing the Limitations of Traditional Drug Testing

Traditional in vitro methods often fall short in accurately predicting drug toxicity, while discrepancies between these methods and in vivo animal studies complicate the process of assessing safety risks for humans. This can lead to unsafe drug candidates progressing through the pipeline or potentially life-saving drugs being incorrectly abandoned. According to a 2022 study published in Applied In Vitro Toxicology, the failure rate of drugs in clinical trials due to safety concerns remains a important challenge in the pharmaceutical industry.

Did You Know? …

Microphysiological systems mimic the structure and function of human organs, providing a more realistic environment for drug testing.

Comparative Studies with Liver-on-a-chip models

CN Bio’s expanded offering allows for rapid comparative studies between human, rat, and dog-derived Liver-on-a-chip models. These assays provide a modernized workflow for generating predictive insights, mitigating the risk of costly late-stage data conflicts, and reducing needless animal use by providing early warnings of hepatotoxicity or DILI before in vivo studies. The system leverages the PhysioMimix® DILI assay to enhance in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) capabilities.

Benefits of the new MPS Models

  • Improved prediction of human drug responses
  • Reduction in late-stage drug failures
  • Decreased reliance on animal testing
  • Early detection of hepatotoxicity

The new service, accessible through CN Bio’s Contract Research Services (CRS), leverages the expertise of CN Bio’s scientific team to provide detailed data analysis, optimized outcomes, and data-driven conclusions. The assay supports a broad range of longitudinal and endpoint testing for DILI-specific biomarkers from single- or repeat-dosing studies over a 14-day experimental window. This provides a more comprehensive overview of underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity or latent effects of drug candidates to improve IVIVE assessment and streamline clinical progression.

According to a report by Grand View Research, the global organ-on-a-chip market is expected to reach $267.3 million by 2027, driven by the increasing demand for alternatives to traditional animal testing and the need for more predictive drug advancement models.

Model Species Application Benefits
Liver-on-a-chip Human, Rat, Dog DILI Assessment Improved prediction, reduced animal use

Expert Insights

Dr. Emily Richardson,Lead scientist,Safety and Toxicology at CN Bio,emphasized the importance of understanding safety risks in drug development.She noted that physiological differences between species can lead to inaccuracies in predictions,causing drugs to be wrongfully abandoned or mistakenly classified as safe. The expanded capabilities of CN Bio’s DILI assay address this gap by using commonly used animal models.

How could these new models impact the future of drug development?

What are the ethical implications of reducing animal testing in this way?

The Growing Importance of microphysiological Systems

Microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-chips, are gaining traction as valuable tools in drug discovery and development. These systems offer a more physiologically relevant environment compared to traditional cell cultures, allowing researchers to study drug effects in a more realistic context. The use of MPS can potentially reduce the reliance on animal testing, accelerate the drug development process, and improve the prediction of drug efficacy and safety in humans.

the development of MPS technology is driven by the need for more accurate and predictive preclinical models.Traditional animal models frequently enough fail to accurately predict human responses to drugs due to physiological differences between species. MPS models, conversely, can be engineered to mimic human organs and tissues, providing a more relevant platform for drug testing.

Frequently Asked Questions About Microphysiological Systems

what is a microphysiological system (MPS)?

A microphysiological system (MPS), also known as an organ-on-a-chip, is a miniaturized, micro-engineered device that mimics the structure and function of human organs and tissues. These systems are used to study drug responses, disease mechanisms, and other biological processes in a more realistic and controlled environment than traditional cell cultures.

How does CN Bio’s animal microphysiological system improve drug safety testing?

CN Bio’s animal microphysiological system improves drug safety testing by providing a more accurate and predictive model for assessing drug toxicity. By using Liver-on-a-chip models derived from human, rat, and dog cells, the system allows for comparative studies that can identify interspecies differences and predict human responses to drugs more effectively.

what are the benefits of using Liver-on-a-chip models for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) assessment?

Liver-on-a-chip models offer several benefits for DILI assessment, including improved prediction of human drug responses, reduction in late-stage drug failures, decreased reliance on animal testing, and early detection of hepatotoxicity. These models provide a more physiologically relevant environment for studying drug effects on the liver.

How does the PhysioMimix® DILI assay enhance in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE)?

The PhysioMimix® DILI assay enhances IVIVE by providing a more accurate and reliable platform for extrapolating in vitro data to predict in vivo responses. The assay allows for the study of drug effects in a more realistic context, taking into account the complex interactions between cells, tissues, and organs.

What is the future of microphysiological systems in drug development?

The future of microphysiological systems in drug development is promising, with increasing adoption of these technologies for drug screening, toxicity testing, and personalized medicine. As MPS models become more refined and validated, they are expected to play an increasingly significant role in accelerating the drug development process and improving the prediction of drug efficacy and safety.

How can I learn more about CN Bio’s animal microphysiological systems?

To learn more about CN Bio’s animal microphysiological systems, you can visit their official website or contact their Contract Research Services (CRS) team. They can provide detailed information about their services, capabilities, and expertise in organ-on-a-chip technology.

Disclaimer: This article provides information for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

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Business

Berkshire Hathaway’s market capitalization exceeds $1 trillion, reflecting confidence in Buffett

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

In the US stock market trading on the morning of the 28th, the market capitalization of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company led by the famous investor Warren Buffett (pictured), reached the $1 trillion range. Photo taken in May (2024 Reuters/Scott Morgan)

2024-08-28 14:28:00
#Berkshire #Hathaways #market #capitalization #exceeds #trillion #reflecting #confidence #Buffett

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Neuralink Implant Issues: Elon Musk’s Company Faces Challenges in Human Trials
Business

Neuralink Implant Issues: Elon Musk’s Company Faces Challenges in Human Trials

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
  • Neuralink is developing brain computer interface technology that aims to enable disabled people to control computers, smartphones, robotic arms and wheelchairs just by thinking.
  • Although Neuralink has received approval from the authorities to conduct clinical trials on human subjects, the technology is still being developed and there are many challenges to overcome, such as the long-term stability of the implant in the brain and the scalability used in a large number of patients.
  • Neuralink, the company founded by Elon Musk, first implanted the chip in the brain of Noland Arbaugh, a quadriplegic.

The Neuralink chip has met its first problems after being implanted in humans, according to an announcement made by Elon Musk’s company, writes CBS News.

Some of the device’s electrical wires began pulling out of Noland Arbaugh’s quadriceps brain tissue about a month after he underwent surgery in late January. This incident caused a decrease in the amount of data transferred, he wrote Neuralink in Wednesday’s blog post.

The Wall Street Journal first reported the defect caused a reduction in bits per second, a measure of the speed and accuracy of a patient’s ability to control a computer cursor with thought.

Neuralink compensated for the glitch through several software updates, which led to “a rapid and steady improvement in BPS that has now surpassed Noland’s original performance,” the company said.

The company is now focusing on improving the device’s text input and cursor control, which it hopes to expand to include robotic arms and wheelchairs in the future.

Neuralink announced in September that it had received approval from US regulators to recruit people for the study as part of an effort to use the technology to help people with traumatic injuries to operate computers just by thinking.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved testing of the Neuralink chip, but has yet to receive regulatory approval for widespread or commercial use.

Also read

2024-05-09 19:40:12
#problems #Neuralink #chip #happened #brain #person #implanted #month #receiving #device

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