Blue Atlas Butterfly Genome Reveals Secrets of Extreme Chromosome Evolution, Holds Clues for Conservation & Cancer Research
Barcelona, Spain – In a landmark achievement, scientists have successfully mapped the genome of the Blue Atlas butterfly (Polyommatus atlante), an insect notable for possessing an unusually high number of chromosomes - 229, far exceeding most species. The research, conducted by teams at the CSIC-UPF in Barcelona and the Wellcome Sanger Institute, provides a crucial reference genome for understanding butterfly evolution and offers potential insights into both species conservation and human health.
The Blue Atlas butterfly’s exceptional chromosome count is not the result of duplication, but rather a unique process of chromosome division occurring approximately three million years ago, rapidly increasing the number from 24. This dramatic shift, previously considered possibly detrimental, hasn’t hindered the butterfly’s survival – until recently. The species is now facing threats from climate change, habitat loss due to forest destruction, and excessive grazing.
“By looking in detail how the blue butterfly chromosome is divided over time, we can begin to investigate the benefits, it’s influence on the ability of adaptation, as well as lessons that can support conservation in the future,” explained Dr. Charlotte Wright of the Wellcome Sanger Institute.
The genome mapping allows researchers to investigate whether the blue Atlas butterfly possesses genetic mechanisms that enable resilience to rising global temperatures. Moreover, the study’s relevance extends to human health, as similar chromosomal changes are observed in cancer cells. Researchers hope to leverage the understanding gained from the butterfly’s unique genome to develop strategies for limiting or halting these dangerous changes in humans.
“The genome stores the key to understanding how living things are formed and where thay will develop,” stated senior author mark Blaxter. “This knowledge can also be applied across species. For example, understanding the process of solving chromosomes in blue butterflies can help us find ways to limit or stop similar processes in human cancer cells.”
With 229 chromosomes, the Blue Atlas butterfly currently holds the record for the highest chromosome number among butterflies and moths, making it a pivotal species for studying the impact of chromosomal structure on evolution and adaptation. the newly mapped genome serves as a vital resource for future research in these critical areas.