Indian Astronaut Studies Diabetes in Space

An innovative study could change our understanding of diabetes, taking place right now on the International Space Station (ISS). The research may broaden access to space travel for people with chronic conditions.

“Suite Ride” Investigates Microgravity’s Effect on Glucose

As a participant in Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla is involved in over 60 scientific experiments. One key project, “Suite Ride,” seeks to understand how microgravity influences glucose metabolism. The findings might allow astronauts who have insulin-dependent diabetes—currently excluded from spaceflight because of medical risks—to participate in future missions.

Challenging Assumptions

Historically, individuals with diabetes have been considered unfit for space travel because managing blood sugar in zero gravity is complex. Ax-4 is challenging this with “Suite Ride,” in partnership with Burjeel Holdings. “Suite Ride” is investigating how the space environment affects glucose metabolism in the human body. This can enhance our understanding of diabetes and other metabolic diseases that impact blood sugar regulation, said Dr. Mohammad Fityan, Clinical Lead for the Suite Ride project and Chief Medical Officer at Burjeel Medical City.

The project explores how Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) and insulin function in microgravity, potentially adapting terrestrial diabetes care for space.

The Unique Research Setting of Microgravity

Space offers a unique opportunity to study the human body without gravity’s constant pull. Scientists can observe changes in metabolism and other physiological processes in a controlled environment. According to a 2023 study by the CDC, 38.4 million people in the US have diabetes, highlighting the need for better understanding and treatment options both on Earth and in space (CDC).

Microgravity allows us to study metabolism without the influence of gravity. It may help identify novel pathways and early biomarkers for insulin resistance, Dr. Fityan said. The findings could broaden medical understanding of diabetes and other chronic metabolic conditions.

Experiment Details Aboard the ISS

During the two-week mission, astronauts are outfitted with CGMs to monitor glucose levels in real-time. Although insulin pens are aboard, astronauts are not administering insulin. Researchers are studying how insulin responds to space storage conditions and its stability. Point-of-care blood samples are also being taken to validate CGM data, Dr. Fityan said. Burjeel Holdings provided the necessary medical supplies.

The experiment simulates real-world diabetes monitoring in space, determining how the body would react if insulin-dependent astronauts were cleared for space travel.

Addressing Risks for Astronauts with Diabetes

Dr. Fityan outlined challenges that prevent those with diabetes from going to space: dangerous glucose variability without immediate support, unpredictable insulin absorption, and difficulty maintaining stable glucose levels over long missions.

Understanding these variables in healthy astronauts is the first step toward adapting protocols that would allow those with chronic conditions to safely join missions. This research expands spaceflight eligibility by developing technologies and protocols, not by relaxing medical standards, Dr. Fityan stated.

Implications for Earth-Based Diabetes Care

The Suite Ride study’s benefits extend beyond astronauts. The data could enhance diabetes care in remote, underserved, or extreme environments.

Potential applications include enhanced remote monitoring platforms, more durable glucose sensors, AI-driven predictive models, and new drug targets. These advances could improve outcomes for diabetic patients, especially in regions with limited healthcare access.

Looking Ahead

After the Ax-4 mission, researchers will analyze data from CGMs and blood samples. We hope this research opens the door to future studies, including missions with the first astronaut with diabetes, said Dr. Fityan.

Shukla’s participation marks a proud moment for India, for space exploration and global health innovation. The Ax-4 mission can transform diabetes care and broaden access to space for people with chronic conditions.