Remarkably Preserved neanderthal Skull Reveals Surprising Clues About Ancient Human Ancestors
ALTAMURA, ITALY – A remarkably complete Neanderthal skull, discovered in a cave in Altamura, Italy, is challenging long-held beliefs about how our extinct human relatives survived the Ice Age. The fossil, including portions of the skull, spine, and chest, is so well-preserved – particularly the nasal cavity – that researchers were able to study it using high-tech imaging without physically removing it from the cave. The findings, published recently in PNAS, suggest the Neanderthal’s prominent nose wasn’t necessarily an adaptation for warming cold air, but rather a result of overall skull size.
For decades, scientists theorized that neanderthals’ large noses were a key adaptation for surviving frigid temperatures, warming air before it reached the lungs. However, the detailed reconstruction of the Altamura Man’s nasal passages indicates the large nasal cavity and protruding jaw likely reflect a larger skull structure, rather than a specialized feature for cold-air processing. “everything in Neanderthals has been shoehorned into the idea that they’re adapted to cold,” explained todd Rae of the University of Sussex.
The Altamura Man fossil’s extraordinary preservation allowed researchers to create a detailed reconstruction of the nasal cavity, revealing insights into Neanderthal anatomy. The study suggests Neanderthals likely relied on a combination of cultural and behavioral adaptations – such as fire, clothing, shelter, and cooperation – to endure harsh winters and ice ages. Evidence suggests Neanderthal groups actively shared resources and assisted each other, bolstering their survival in challenging environments. This revelation builds upon previous research, including studies of Neanderthal dietary habits, revealing a complex and adaptable species.
