First Severe H5N1 Bird Flu Case in the US Linked to Backyard Flock Exposure
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A Louisiana resident is hospitalized with a severe case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, commonly known as “H5N1 bird flu.” This marks the first instance of severe illness in the United States directly linked to exposure to infected backyard flocks.the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) confirmed the case on December 13,2024,noting that since April 2024,there have been 61 reported human cases of H5 bird flu in the U.S.
H5N1 Genotype and Source of Infection
Partial viral genome data indicates that the H5N1 avian influenza virus infecting the patient belongs to the D1.1 genotype. This genotype is related to other D1.1 viruses recently detected in wild birds and poultry across the United States, and also in recent human cases in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington state. It differs from the B3.13 genotype found in dairy cows and some poultry outbreaks. The CDC is conducting further genomic sequencing to isolate the virus from clinical specimens.
An ongoing inquiry into the source of the infection revealed that the patient had exposure to sick and dead birds in backyard flocks. This is the first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu in the U.S. directly linked to this type of exposure.
Did You Know? The H5N1 subtype is considered more aggressive in humans than other avian influenza viruses like A/H7N7 [[3]].
Risk Assessment and Prevention
While this case is the first of its kind in the U.S., sporadic cases of severe H5N1 bird flu illness in humans have been reported in other countries, sometimes resulting in death. Currently, there is no evidence of person-to-person spread of H5 bird flu. The CDC maintains that the immediate risk to the general public remains low.
This case highlights that wild birds and backyard flocks, in addition to commercial poultry and dairy operations, can be sources of exposure. Individuals with occupational or recreational exposure to potentially infected animals are at higher risk and should adhere to CDC’s recommended precautions. This includes backyard flock owners, hunters, and bird enthusiasts.
Prevention strategies include avoiding contact with sick or dead animals, especially wild birds and poultry.Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, mucous, and feces. Other infected animals may shed the virus in respiratory secretions and other bodily fluids.
Recommended Precautions
- Avoid contact with sick or dead animals, particularly wild birds and poultry.
- Wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) when in close contact with wild birds or sick/dead poultry.
- Avoid touching surfaces contaminated with saliva, mucous, or feces from potentially infected birds or animals.
H5N1 Bird Flu statistics
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Total US Human Cases (Since April 2024) | 61 |
| First US Case Linked to Backyard Flock | December 2024 |
| Virus Genotype (Louisiana Case) | D1.1 |
Understanding avian Influenza A(H5N1)
Avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses are a subtype of influenza A viruses that primarily infect birds. While human infections are rare, they can occur through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. The severity of human infections can vary, with some cases resulting in severe illness and even death [[1]].
The virus is classified as type A, indicating its broader category within influenza viruses [[2]]. Different clades and strains within the A/H5N1 subtype can exhibit varying degrees of virulence [[3]].
Frequently Asked Questions About H5N1 Bird Flu
What is the best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu infection?
The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid exposure to infected birds and contaminated environments. Practise good hygiene, and wear protective equipment when necessary.
What should I do if I find a sick or dead bird?
If you find a sick or dead bird, do not touch it. Contact your local animal control or wildlife authorities for guidance.
Are there vaccines for H5N1 bird flu?
While vaccines are being developed, they are not yet widely available for the general public. Public health officials will provide guidance on vaccine availability if needed.
Pro Tip: Regularly clean and disinfect bird feeders and bird baths to minimize the risk of spreading avian influenza.
For more data on H5 bird flu in the U.S. and CDC’s response, including regularly updated case counts, visit the H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation page.
What steps are you taking to protect yourself and your family from avian influenza? Share your thoughts and concerns in the comments below!
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