Expanding the House: Could More Representatives Fix Congress?

Representative Sean Casten of Illinois has proposed legislation to expand the size of the House of Representatives, a move prompted by concerns that the current 435-seat limit leaves representatives responsible for an increasingly large and unwieldy number of constituents.

According to a recent report by Vox, the House has remained at its current size for over a century, while the U.S. Population has tripled. This has resulted in the average representative now being responsible for more than 750,000 constituents. Casten believes increasing the number of seats would address this imbalance and bring the House closer to the vision of the country’s founders.

The proposal, as highlighted by Vox, raises questions about the practicalities of a larger legislature. While a larger House could potentially lead to more responsive representation, concerns exist about whether an expanded Congress would be able to govern effectively or would simply exacerbate existing legislative gridlock.

Casten, a Democrat first elected in 2019, represents Illinois’s 6th congressional district, which encompasses parts of Chicago and its southwestern suburbs, including Downers Grove, Wheaton, and Orland Park. He won reelection in 2022, defeating Orland Park mayor Keith Pekau after a primary challenge from fellow Democrat Marie Newman following redistricting as a result of the 2020 United States census.

Born in Dublin, Ireland, to American parents, Casten holds degrees from Middlebury College and Dartmouth College. Prior to entering politics, he worked in business, including a period at consultancy Arthur D. Little.

The Vox report notes that the debate over expanding the House is supported by research from scholars and organizations like the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which have argued for the benefits of a more proportional representation system. The report also references the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929, which established the current 435-seat limit.

As of February 20, 2026, the bill proposed by Casten is under consideration, with no immediate timeline for a vote. Protect Democracy provided a grant to support Vox’s reporting on the issue, but the news organization maintained full editorial control over the content.