missouri Reports First U.S. Human Case of H5 Bird Flu Without Known Animal Exposure
September 6, 2024 — The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a human case of avian influenza A(H5), commonly known as “H5 bird flu,” reported by the state of Missouri. The case was identified through Missouri’s seasonal flu surveillance system, and the specimen was confirmed by the CDC yesterday following standard protocols. An investigation into potential exposure is currently underway by the Missouri Department of health and Senior Services (DHSS).
Case Information
According to the Missouri DHSS, the patient, who was hospitalized, had underlying medical conditions and was treated with influenza antiviral medications. The patient has since been discharged and has recovered. Currently, there is no known animal exposure, and no ongoing transmission has been identified among close contacts.
this marks the 14th human case of H5 reported in the United States during 2024, and notably, the first case without a known occupational exposure to sick or infected animals. While H5 outbreaks in cattle have not been reported in Missouri, outbreaks have occurred in commercial and backyard poultry flocks in the state this year. H5N1 bird flu has also been detected in wild birds in Missouri in the past.
Although other novel flu cases have been detected through the country’s national flu surveillance system, this is the first time the system has identified a case of H5. Prior cases were identified through targeted surveillance conducted as part of ongoing animal outbreaks. In this instance, the patient’s specimen initially tested positive for flu A but negative for seasonal flu A virus subtypes, triggering additional testing.
The CDC continues to closely monitor data from influenza surveillance systems, particularly in affected states, and has observed no signs of unusual influenza activity in people, including in Missouri.
Identification of the neuraminidase (“N”) in the patient specimen is pending further sequencing, and attempts to sequence the virus’s genome are also underway at the CDC.
Based on current data, the CDC assesses the risk to the general public from H5N1 as low. The CDC’s recommendations regarding H5 virus have not changed. Though, circumstances can evolve rapidly as more information becomes available. The investigation’s results are particularly important given the current lack of an obvious animal exposure. It is indeed critically important to note that, even though rare, novel influenza A cases sometimes occur without an identifiable animal source. The primary concern in these situations is preventing onward transmission. Findings from the ongoing investigation will inform any necessary changes to guidance.
Disclaimer: This article provides information about a public health issue.It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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