Summary of the Article: Monoclonal Antibodies – A 50th Anniversary & Current Impact
This article from “Nature” celebrates the 50th anniversary of the publication of the groundbreaking research by Köhler and Milstein detailing the method for producing monoclonal antibodies. Here’s a breakdown of the key points:
Ancient Breakthrough: In 1975, Köhler and Milstein published their “letter” in Nature outlining the technique for creating monoclonal antibodies by fusing antibody-producing B cells (from immunized mice) with myeloma (cancer) cells. This work earned them the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984, shared with Nils Jerne.
How it effectively works: The process involves immunizing mice with a specific antigen, extracting B cells, and fusing them with myeloma cells. This creates hybrid cells that can both produce specific antibodies and replicate indefinitely – a crucial advantage.
Massive Market & Growth: The global market for monoclonal antibody medications was approximately €215.37 billion in 2024 and is projected to double within five years.
Evolution of Antibody Progress: Initial mouse antibodies have been refined through generations to become chimeric, ”humanized,” and ultimately fully “human” antibodies, reducing side effects and improving usability.
Wide-Ranging Applications: Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized treatment across numerous medical fields, including:
Cancer: Pembrolizumab (a top-selling drug with $15 billion in sales in the first half of 2025) and Trastuzumab are examples of impactful cancer therapies. Bispecific antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are also emerging.
Autoimmune Diseases: Effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and severe asthma.
Other Conditions: Treatments for age-related macular degeneration, RSV infections in infants, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, and even the first limited causal therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.
* Future Directions: Research continues with bispecific antibodies and ADCs, aiming for even more targeted and effective therapies, particularly in oncology.
In essence, the article highlights the profound and lasting impact of Köhler and Milstein’s finding, demonstrating how monoclonal antibodies have become a cornerstone of modern medicine and continue to drive innovation in healthcare.
