Liquid Biopsies Show Promise for Early Detection of Multiple Myeloma, Precursor Conditions
NEW YORK, December 6, 2025 – A new study published December 2, 2025, in npj exactly: Oncology details how analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and rare circulating plasma cells in blood samples may offer a non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring multiple myeloma (MM) – and, crucially, its precursor conditions, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined meaning (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma (SMM). Teh research highlights the potential of liquid biopsies to identify disease earlier than conventional methods, potentially leading to more effective interventions.
Multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells, affects nearly 32,000 adults in the U.S. annually, according to the American Cancer Society. Early detection is critical, but MGUS and SMM frequently enough present without symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Currently, monitoring relies on bone marrow biopsies, an invasive procedure.This new approach offers a less burdensome choice, potentially revolutionizing how these conditions are managed and paving the way for personalized treatment strategies based on the unique characteristics of circulating disease markers.
researchers led by Shishido SN, Mason J, Kamal M, and others, characterized circulating rare cells in peripheral blood to improve detection and monitoring of multiple myeloma and its precursor states. The study emphasizes the heterogeneity observed within circulating plasma cells,suggesting that analyzing these variations could provide valuable insights into disease biology and inform individualized treatment plans.
The findings build upon growing recognition of the importance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in cancer, as detailed in a 2021 Frontiers in Oncology article by Peng Y, Mei W, Ma K, and Zeng C. While traditionally focused on solid tumors, ctDNA and MRD assessment are increasingly being applied to hematological malignancies like multiple myeloma.
Furthermore, advancements in understanding and diagnosing precursor conditions like MGUS and SMM are crucial, as noted in a September 25, 2024, report in Pharmacy Times by Gerlach A. Early identification of these conditions allows for proactive monitoring and potential intervention to delay or prevent progression to active multiple myeloma. The liquid biopsy approach described in the npj Exactly: Oncology study represents a notable step forward in achieving this goal.
