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Oceanic Revelation: Scientists Uncover Hundreds of New Giant Viruses
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In a stunning discovery that reshapes our understanding of marine ecosystems, scientists have identified 230 previously unknown giant viruses lurking in oceans across the globe. This complete study, led by marine biologist Benjamin Minch and virologist Mohammad Moniruzzaman from the University of Miami, utilized advanced computer software to analyze seawater samples and unveil the genomes of these microbial giants.
Unveiling the Role of Giant Viruses in Marine Life
The identification of these viruses is pivotal for understanding the intricate web of life in the ocean, particularly the survival mechanisms of marine organisms known as protists, which include algae, amoeba, and flagellates. These newly discovered giant viruses could hold the key to managing harmful algal blooms, a meaningful human health hazard worldwide, according to Moniruzzaman [1].
Did You Know? Giant viruses are not only larger than typical viruses but also possess more complex genomes, sometimes even incorporating genes related to photosynthesis.
Technological Advancements Fuel Discovery
Recent advancements in genome databases, analysis instruments, and specialized computer programs have substantially streamlined the process of discovering giant viruses. This allows scientists to gain unprecedented insights into how these viruses spread and interact within marine environments. For instance, giant viruses are often responsible for the demise of phytoplankton, tiny photosynthesizing organisms vital to marine food chains and the production of Earth’s oxygen [2].
Beyond the sheer number of new viruses, the study also identified 569 new functional proteins, including nine involved in photosynthesis. This suggests that some giant viruses can hijack the photosynthesis functions of their hosts to acquire the energy needed for survival. Minch notes that the discovery of genes involved in cellular functions, like carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, traditionally found only in cellular organisms, indicates that giant viruses play a significant role in manipulating their host’s metabolism and influencing marine biogeochemistry [1].
