As of October 7, 2025, a growing number of U.S. states are replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day,reflecting a nationwide shift in recognizing the ancient impact of European colonization on Native American communities. The change isn’t merely symbolic; it impacts official state calendars, school schedules, and public discourse surrounding the legacy of Christopher Columbus.
For decades, Columbus Day has been a federal holiday, traditionally observed on the second Monday of October. Though,increasing awareness of the devastating consequences of Columbus’s voyages for indigenous populations has fueled a movement to honor Native American history and contributions rather.This transition affects millions of Americans, particularly those in states actively making the change, and signals a broader reevaluation of historical narratives.
Originally established as a celebration of Italian American heritage, Columbus Day first became a federal holiday in 1937, largely through the efforts of the Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal association. In 1971, the holiday was moved to the second Monday in October.
Currently, several states officially observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day, either in place of or in addition to Columbus day. As of late 2024, these include Alaska, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Many cities and counties across the country have also made the switch.
The movement to replace Columbus Day gained momentum as Native American groups and advocates highlighted Columbus’s role in initiating a period of colonization marked by violence, disease, and displacement of Indigenous peoples. This advocacy continues to shape public opinion and legislative action across the nation.
