West Virginia Women & Banking: A History of Male Co-Signers

In 1961, Homer Hickam Jr., a high school student in Coalwood, West Virginia, discovered his mother still lacked the independent financial standing common among men. Despite her husband’s position as a supervisor at the local coal mine, she, like many women of the era, required a male co-signer to open a bank account.

The revelation came during a trip to the bank with his mother, as recounted by Hickam in a keynote address at the West Virginia Writers, Inc., conference on June 7, 2025. Hickam, who would later become known for his memoir Rocket Boys and the subsequent film October Sky, described the experience as a jarring realization of the limitations placed upon women at the time. He noted that even as his father held considerable authority within the community, his mother’s financial life remained tethered to his approval.

Coalwood, a company town owned entirely by the mine, exemplified the economic realities of the region. As Hickam described it, the company owned “every house, every fence, every tree and every store.” This total control extended to the financial lives of residents, reinforcing existing societal norms. The mine was not merely an employer, but the central organizing force of the town’s existence.

Hickam’s own path diverged from the expected trajectory for young men in Coalwood – entering the mines. He and his friends pursued rocketry, a passion that culminated in placing at the National Science Fair. This ambition required funding, and the experience of his mother’s financial constraints likely underscored the importance of his own future independence. He later attended Virginia Tech to study engineering, a path facilitated by his academic success and a scholarship, but one that stood in stark contrast to the fate of many of his peers.

The situation faced by Hickam’s mother was not unique to West Virginia. Across the United States, legal and social barriers restricted women’s financial autonomy. While some states began to address these inequalities in the 1960s and 70s, the practice of requiring a male co-signer for bank accounts persisted in many areas. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibited discrimination in credit transactions based on sex, but its implementation and enforcement took time.

Hickam has authored 20 books since the publication of Rocket Boys, exploring themes of resilience, community, and the pursuit of dreams. His work often returns to the landscape and values of Coalwood, West Virginia, and the lessons learned growing up in a challenging environment. One anecdote he shared involved his mother being presented with an alligator by a former suitor, Buddy Ebsen, and his father’s ultimatum: either the alligator went, or he did.

Hickam’s reflections on his upbringing continue to resonate, offering a glimpse into a time when societal expectations and legal structures actively limited opportunities for women. The financial constraints experienced by his mother serve as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for economic equality.