Gas Stoves Linked to Significant Indoor Air Pollution,Stanford Study Finds
STANFORD,CA – December 6,2023 – A new study published December 2 in PNAS Nexus reveals that cooking with gas stoves can expose individuals to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels comparable to those found from traffic and industrial sources,and that switching to electric stoves can reduce personal exposure to the pollutant by more than 25% on average-and up to 50% in homes with frequent stove use. The research underscores the often-overlooked impact of indoor air quality on public health.
The study, led by researchers at Stanford University’s Doerr School of Sustainability, combined air measurements from real homes with outdoor air quality data, building characteristics, and statistical patterns of stove usage across more than 133 million U.S. homes. Findings indicate that gas stoves also release benzene, a known carcinogen.
“People tend to assume that indoor air is safe, when actually it can become the main focus of exposure,” explained Rob Jackson, a professor at Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability. “In small or poorly ventilated homes, the problem multiplies.”
NO2 exposure is linked to a range of health issues, including asthma, obstructive lung disease, premature births, and certain cancers. While the majority of the population still experiences a greater NO2 load from outdoor sources, the study identified approximately 22 million Americans who breathe more NO2 indoors due to gas stove use-particularly those in smaller homes, rural areas, and communities with limited resources for appliance upgrades or improved ventilation.
Researchers suggest several steps to mitigate exposure,including the use of range hoods and adequate ventilation. However, the study highlights the potential for a significant health impact through the adoption of electric alternatives. Portable induction cooktops are available for under $50, and other electric appliances like kettles, toasters, and slow cookers can further reduce reliance on gas burners.
The study advocates for public incentives and climate policies to support the transition to electric stoves, emphasizing the potential for rapid and tangible health benefits.
