wisdom

Jakarta – The Mu’tah War took place in the month of Jumadil Awwal, the 8th year of Hijriyah. This battle is called one of the greatest in Islamic history.

According to the book The Mu’tah War Against the Romans and the Fathu Makkah War the writings of Muhammad Ridha et al, Mu’tah is a place located in the Balqa’ region, a place that is quite popular in Sham.

It is said that the Prophet SAW did not jump directly into the Mu’tah War. He sent Ja’far bin Abi Talib as war commander.

In the book The story of Prophet Muhammad SAW written by Ajen Dianawati, Rasulullah SAW advised Ja’far that if something happened to him then his leadership would be replaced by Zaid Haritsah. Then, if Zaid died, then Abdullah bin Ruwahid would have to lead the troops.

“And if Abdullah bin Ruwahid also becomes a martyr, then you yourself must choose a leader,” said the Prophet SAW.

In the Mu’tah war, the greatness of Khalid bin Walid was proven. The three companions who were previously appointed by the Prophet SAW to lead the Muslim army actually died on the battlefield, as quoted from the book The Eternal Light of Prophet Muhammad SAW by M Fethullah Gulen.

At that time, Khalid bin Walid had just embraced Islam. The Mu’tah War was the first battle he participated in as a Muslim soldier.

Narrated in a book The Undefeated Commander ‘Khalid bin Walid’ by Hanatul Ula Maulidya, Mu’tah War was a battle that opened the way for Muslims to conquer Christian countries.

Three months after Khalid bin Walid settled in Medina, Prophet Muhammad SAW sent Harith bin Umar to deliver a preaching letter in order to invite the leaders of the Basrah region to convert to Islam. Unfortunately, in the middle of the journey from Mu’tah to Baitul Maqdis, Harits bin Umair was stopped by Shurahbil bin Amr Al-Ghassani, a leader from the Basrah region.

Harits was then arrested and killed. The news about the killing of Harits was heard by the Messenger of God SAW and his companions, and this is what ignited the Mu’tah War.

Rasulullah SAW then prepared 3,000 Muslim troops to Basrah, Iraq. The Mu’tah war began with the resistance between the Muslim troops and 100,000 combined troops of Ghasan.

Ghasan’s troops were tribes originating from Yemen who migrated to the south of Sham, Hauran. The Mu’tah War took place in the Mu’tah hamlet east of the Jordan River.

The disproportionate number of wars caused the mentality of the Muslim troops to be depressed. However, before the war Abdullah bin Ruwahid encouraged the Muslim army,

“In fact, what you hate is precisely what is your goal, namely martyrdom in the way of Allah. We are not fighting because of their strength and number which is very much. But we are fighting them because of Islam. Allah has glorified us, so go to war, in fact our war this time there are only two good, get victory or die martyr,”

Abdullah’s words made the Muslim troops excited in the war, they fought their fear. However, as previously explained, the three companions appointed by the Prophet SAW, including Abdullah, were actually martyred in the Mu’tah War.

The Muslim forces were at first confused to point to the war leader, then one of the forces named Tsabit bin Arqam advanced and took the Islamic flag and pointed to Khalid bin Walid while saying,

“Take it, Khalid. Because you know better about strategy in war and know about war tricks. And by God, I will not take it unless I hand it over to you!”

Tsabit bin Arqam then shouted towards the Muslim army, “Are you ready O Muslim army to be under the leadership of Khalid?”

The Muslim army approved the decision. Khalid bin Walid swiftly organized and rearranged the ranks of the Muslim troops which were falling apart due to enemy attacks from the front and sides.

He then strategizes by maneuvering after seeing the battlefield from the top of the hill using his eagle eye. In the middle of the war, Khalid gave the order for the rear line to move to the front, then the left wing moved to the right wing, and vice versa.

Troops that were in the rear guard were continuously moving towards the front so that dust was flying. This certainly disrupts the vision of the enemy troops.

Khalid’s brilliant strategy caused the enemy troops to think that the Muslims were getting additional new troops. Therefore, the enemy troops did not dare to act rashly in attacking the Muslims.

Meanwhile, Qutbah bin Qatadah, who was the commander of the right wing of the Muslim army, met with the general of the enemy forces, namely Ghasan Malik. The encounter led to a duel and Ghasan was killed.

The death of Ghasan Malik triggered the enemy troops to hold back their attacks on the Muslims, this became an opportunity for the Muslim army to consolidate. Slowly and orderly, the Muslim troops managed to withdraw from the war due to the unequal numbers.

The enemy troops did not dare to give chase until they decided to stop the battle. Khalid bin Walid’s strategy became a great success for the Muslims.

Upon arrival in Medina after the battle, Rasulullah SAW expressed his pride to the Muslim troops for having succeeded in defeating the enemy. Apart from that, the Muslims can also prove their solidarity to remain in one command.

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(aeb/nwk)

2023-08-07 01:45:36
#Khalid #bin #Walids #Accurate #Strategy #Mutah #War #Facing #Enemy #Forces

Jakarta – The story of the death of the grandson of the Prophet SAW in the month of Muharram is considered one of the darkest events after the death of the Prophet SAW in the history of Islam. This is explained through various stories.

One of the narrations that explains the severity of this event is from Imam as-Suyuthi who quotes from the hadith of Tirmidhi’s narration about the story of Salma meeting Umm Salamah RA, who was still alive at the time (Umm Salamah died in 64 AH, while Husain was killed in 61 H). In the narration, Salma asked, “Why are you crying?”

Umm Salamah RA answered, “Yesterday, I dreamed of seeing the Messenger of God, his head and beard looked dusty. I asked, ‘Why are you, O Messenger of God?’ The Prophet replied, ‘I have just witnessed the killing of Husain.'”

Although the scholars have different views about the time when Sayyidina Husain RA was killed. However, the majority of scholars, such as Adz-Dzahabi, Ibn Katsir, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, tend to believe that Husain died on the Ashura day of the month of Muharram in 61 H.

While his age is also a matter of debate, there are mentions of 58 years, 55 years and 60 years. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani argues that the age of Sayyidina Husain RA is 56 years.

The Story of the Death of Prophet Muhammad’s Grandson in the Month of Muharram

The story begins with Husain RA who was tested with very heavy suffering. One by one the people he loved left this world.

His grandfather, Rasulullah SAW, died because of illness. His mother, Fatimah Az-Zahra RA, also died of illness. While his father, Ali bin Abi Talib RA, was killed while he was praying at dawn. His brother, Hasan bin Ali RA, died as a martyr.

However, Husain RA faced all these tests with great patience.

It is said that when Yazid bin Mu’awiyyah RA was crowned caliph, Husain RA refused to submit to him. Likewise with other Muslims. Because Yazid RA is a corrupt person. He was fond of drinking khamr and indulged in worldly pleasures such as playing with the monkey and his dogs.

However, Yazid RA succeeded in occupying his leadership position because he inherited the position of his father, Mu’awiyyah bin Abu Sufyan RA. This is clearly contrary to the principles of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.

While in Mecca, Husain RA received many letters of support from residents of Kufa. The letters were full of hopes for his presence in Kufa and becoming caliph.

Husain was in Medina at that time, he refused the oath of allegiance to Yazid RA because of his bad behavior.

Finally, Husayn RA sent his cousin, Muslim bin Aqil RA, as his ambassador or representative to go to Kufah. Husain RA requested that his cousin stay with the most loyal people in Kufah.

In the end, Muslim bin Aqil RA stayed with Al Mukhtar. The people of Kufa welcomed his arrival enthusiastically. However, it all turned out to be a lie.

According to the book The Great History of Hasan and Husain by Ukasyah Habibu Ahmad, Husain RA remains in his stance towards Kufah. After arriving in the Bathnur Rummah area, he sent a letter to the people of Kufah informing him that he had arrived in Bathnur Rummah.

He sent Qais bin Mashar as-Saidawi RA, but unfortunately, Qais bin Mashar as-Saidawi RA was captured by the forces of Ubaidullah bin Ziyad RA and then killed. However, Husain RA continued his journey until he arrived in Zarud.

When he was about to leave the area, he just received news that Muslim bin Aqil RA and Hani’ bin Urwah RA had been killed. In addition, he also received information about betrayal from the people of Kufa.

After realizing all that, Husain RA decided to go home. However, the people of Bani Aqil argued, “For us, life is meaningless after Muslim bin Aqil is killed. We will not return until we die.”

Hearing this, Husain RA said, “Then, what is the use of me living after they die?”

Husain RA decided to continue the journey and allowed his entourage to choose to return or stay with him. When he arrived at Zubalah, he and his entourage met Umar bin Sa’ad and Ibnul Asy’ats who brought a letter from Muslim bin Aqil RA which contained the indifference of the people of Kufah towards him.

Although he had been intercepted by al-Hurru bi Yazid at-Tamimi on the orders of Ubaidillah bin Ziyad RA, Husain RA finally arrived in Karbala on 2 Muharram 61 H. His arrival was greeted coldly by the local population who reportedly reached 100,000 people who were ready to pledge allegiance to Husain RA . It turned out that the worries of Husain RA’s family and friends came true.

In the end, Husain RA and his entourage were surrounded for several days, on the 10th of Muharram 61 H. As many as 5,000 troops led by Umar bin Sa’ad bin Abi Waqash RA invaded Husain RA’s group.

The purpose of this siege was on the order of Ubaidillah bin Ziyad RA who wanted to force Husain RA to acknowledge the authority of Caliph Yazid bin Mu’awiyyah RA.

According to historians, Husain RA’s entourage only numbered 72 people, consisting of 32 horsemen and 40 pedestrians, while the rest were children and women. With such unequal numbers, of course Husain RA’s troops were badly defeated. In that battle, finally leaving only himself and part of his family consisting of women and children.

Ibnu Katsir in The Book of Al-Bidayah wan Nihayah noted that on 10 Muharram, Ubaidillah bin Ziyad RA’s troops hit Husain RA’s head with a sword until it bled. Husain RA bandaged the wound on his head by tearing the cloth of his robe.

The cloth bandage quickly filled with blood. Husain RA received a wound to his neck when a shooter released an arrow. Even though his neck was injured, Husain RA survived and walked towards the river because he was thirsty.

However, the team did not allow him to drink and prevented Husain RA from getting water. Ibnu Katsir also mentioned that Husain RA was killed by Sina bin Anas bin Amr Nakhai, who pierced his neck with a spear, then presented Husain’s head to Khawali bin Yazid.

Although there are differences of opinion regarding the time of Husain RA’s death, the majority of scholars believe that he died on the Ashura day of the month of Muharram in 61 H, at the age of around 56 years.

According to Rizem Aizid in his book, Mahar Bidadari Surga, Husain RA died as a martyr in the fisabilillah jihad. So that his body does not need to be bathed or given a shroud, it is enough to be buried in the clothes he wore while fighting on the battlefield.

Therefore, Husain RA did not get a shroud from the Angel Gabriel, because of the honor of his martyrdom in fighting in the way of Allah SWT.

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(rah/rah)

2023-07-30 22:00:27
#Story #Death #Grandson #Prophet #Muhammad #Month #Muharram