The Growing Threat of H5 Bird Flu too Australia
the specter of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5) outbreak looms over Australia, prompting concerns for both the nation’s poultry industry and its unique wildlife. While Australia has so far avoided an incursion despite the virus’s global spread, experts warn vigilance and proactive preparation are crucial.
The potential consequences of a widespread outbreak are significant. A worst-case scenario would involve devastating losses within the poultry industry, impacting food security and the economy. However, the threat extends far beyond farmed birds. Native avian populations are vulnerable, potentially leading to declines in already fragile species.Perhaps most concerning is the risk to carnivorous native animals, particularly the endangered Tasmanian devil. Evidence from the northern hemisphere demonstrates that carnivores consuming infected birds can contract the virus themselves,potentially exacerbating the devil’s precarious situation. Other species,like elephant seals,are also considered at risk.
“It’s scary mentioning the Tasmanian devil because we already know how endangered it is,” noted lucy Breaden, highlighting the potential for a cascading ecological impact.
despite the proximity of H5 outbreaks in other parts of the world, Australia has remained free of the virus for some time. The recent passing of the spring migratory season – a period of heightened risk – offers a small measure of reassurance. However, Kirsty Short, a leading expert on the subject, emphasizes the need for continued preparedness.
“Australia is doing a variety of different things to prepare,” Short explained, citing increased biosurveillance of incoming birds and ongoing discussions regarding poultry vaccination. “But I would like to see more research into what this virus would do to our native animals, like the Tasmanian devil and our native bird species. We certainly know some, like the black swan, are particularly susceptible, and we need Australia-specific data to reflect our unique ecosystem.”
The likelihood of an incursion remains a critical question. While previously predicting an arrival within a few years, Short acknowledges the unpredictable nature of the virus.”There are rules, but thay just don’t seem to follow them.” She identifies two potential pathways for the virus: from the north, via Asia, and from the south, via Antarctica. Currently, the government considers the southern route a higher risk.
Tasmania, geographically closer to Antarctica, faces a particularly elevated risk.”If it gets into Tasmania, it’ll get into mainland Australia,” Short clarified. “The point is, just in pure geography, Tasmania’s proximity to Antarctica puts it at risk, much like the northern tip of Australia is more vulnerable due to its closeness to Asia.”
Ultimately, Short stresses the importance of a proactive approach. “We need to have a very proactive response to emerging viral threats and make sure that we’re prepared before they hit,not just when they arrive.” The ongoing threat of H5 serves as a stark reminder of the need for continued vigilance and investment in research and preparedness to protect Australia’s unique biodiversity and vital agricultural industries.