Here’s a breakdown of the provided text, focusing on the core arguments and facts:

The Problem:

Significant Price Discrepancy: The text highlights a significant price difference for food (specifically mentioning burgers) between Vilnius and Palanga, Lithuania. A burger that costs €7.50-€11 in vilnius can cost €16-€17 in Palanga. This is a nearly 40% increase.

Demand and Supply: The primary driver of prices,according to Chudava,is the interplay of demand and supply. He uses the example of tomatoes in the Palanga market to illustrate how prices can fall if demand is low.
Labor Costs: A significant factor is the higher hourly wage demanded by employees in Palanga (€10) compared to Vilnius (€8). He argues that as demand increases, employees will demand even higher wages, further driving up prices.
Consumer-Driven Pricing: Chudava emphasizes that consumers ultimately determine prices. If people stop buying at higher prices, businesses will be forced to adjust.
Labor Shortage and “Inhumane Expectations”: he points to a general lack of employees and what he perceives as “inhumane expectations” from them as a major contributor to rising costs. He suggests that some businesses offer inadequate salaries, distorting the market.
Profit Margin Consistency: While prices are higher in Palanga, Chudava claims the profit margin for his business remains the same as in Vilnius. To achieve this, prices must be higher.
Higher Rent in Palanga: He states that rent is considerably more expensive in Palanga.
short Season: The brevity of the tourist season in Palanga is also cited as a reason for higher prices, as businesses need to recoup costs over a shorter period.

The Economist’s (Algirdas Bartkus) Explanation:

Competition in Vilnius: Vilnius has a much larger number of catering establishments. This intense competition forces businesses to keep prices lower, partly by competing with the alternative of people cooking at home.
Lack of Alternatives in Palanga: In Palanga, the options for obtaining warm food are more limited. People are more likely to resort to catering establishments if they don’t want to buy pre-made food from a store. This gives businesses more pricing power.
Consumer Power Imbalance: In Palanga, the “business power before the buyer is a little higher,” leading to less “democratic” and less consumer-friendly pricing. Time as a Factor: Even if people can cook at home, it takes time to buy ingredients, prepare, and cook. This time cost can make eating out more appealing.
Tradition: There’s a cultural tradition in palanga of eating out when visiting, which contributes to demand and allows for higher prices. Agreement on Seasonality and Rent: Bartkus agrees with Chudava that the brevity of the season and higher rent in Palanga are contributing factors.

Key Takeaways and Contrasting Views:

Entrepreneur’s Focus: Chudava heavily emphasizes the labor market (shortages, high expectations) and demand/supply dynamics as the primary drivers of price increases. He sees consumers as the ultimate price setters.
Economist’s Focus: Bartkus highlights market structure (competition levels) and consumer alternatives as the key differentiators. He points to the lack of competition and limited alternatives in palanga as enabling higher prices.
* Shared Factors: Both agree that higher rent and the short season in palanga contribute to the price differences.

In essence, the text presents a debate between a business owner and an economist on why food prices are significantly higher in a popular seaside resort compared to the capital city. While both acknowledge external factors like rent and seasonality, they attribute the core reasons to diffrent market dynamics and labor market conditions.