One in four adults in the United States lives with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition increasingly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dietary choices. Now, medical professionals are refining guidance on food consumption for those diagnosed, with a particular focus on dairy products like cheese.
Whereas cheese isn’t strictly off-limits for individuals with NAFLD, now officially termed Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), experts emphasize moderation and careful selection of varieties lower in fat content. MASLD is a metabolic dysfunction characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, potentially leading to organ enlargement and, in severe cases, cirrhosis or liver cancer, according to the Mayo Clinic.
The exact reasons for fat accumulation vary from person to person, but the American Liver Foundation stresses the importance of limiting saturated fat intake and prioritizing lower-fat options. Several cheeses can be incorporated into a MASLD-conscious diet, including low-fat cottage cheese, ricotta, and cheese curds, all offering a excellent protein source. Low-fat fresh cheese is as well a suitable choice due to its lower calorie and fat content. Some reduced-fat goat cheese varieties are permissible.
Conversely, certain cheeses should be limited or avoided altogether. High-fat, aged cheeses like Gouda, Grana Padano, and Parmesan – containing between 25% and 40% fat – are not recommended. Blue cheeses, such as Roquefort and Gorgonzola, are also discouraged due to their high fat and sodium content. Similarly, fatty spreads intended for use on bread often contain added ingredients and elevated sodium levels.
Alongside specific food choices, healthcare professionals frequently recommend adopting dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet. This approach prioritizes lean proteins like skinless chicken or fish, healthy fats such as extra virgin olive oil and nuts, and a high intake of vegetables. Reducing consumption of added sugars, sugary drinks, ultra-processed foods, and fried items is also advised, as is abstaining from alcohol.
Crucially, any dietary changes should be implemented under medical supervision, particularly for individuals already diagnosed with MASLD. This ensures a personalized approach tailored to individual needs and disease progression.