Hefei, China โ – In a groundbreaking, yet ultimatelyโ bittersweet, achievement,โข a team ofโ surgeons at Anhui Medical University in China successfully โคtransplanted โa genetically modified pig โฃliver into a human patient, achieving functional operation for 38 โdays. โThe
A groundbreaking study of ancient pig teeth is rewriting the story of domestication, suggesting that the first steps toward taming pigs involved scavenging for human scraps and tolerating close proximity to early farming communities in South China.
Archaeologists examined dental calculus โ hardened plaque โ from 32 pig specimens unearthed at Jingtoushan (8,300 to 7,800 years ago) and Kuahuqiao (8,200 to 7,000 years ago), two Neolithic sites in the Lower Yangtze River region. The analysis revealed evidence that these pigs consumed human-associated foods, including cooked starches like rice and yams, as well as an unidentified tuber, acorns, and wild grasses.
The team, led by **Jiajing Wang** of Dartmouth College, identified 240 starch granules within the dental calculus. โThese are plants that were present in the environment at that time and were found in human settlements,โ
explained **Dr. Wang**. The presence of these foods indicates the pigs were likely obtaining them from humans, either through direct feeding or by scavenging.
Perhaps even more telling, researchers discovered eggs of the human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) in 16 of the teeth. This parasite is spread through fecal contamination, suggesting the pigs were consuming human waste or drinking contaminated water. โPigs are known for their habit of eating human waste, so that is additional evidence that these pigs were probably living with humans or having a very close relationship with them,โ
said **Dr. Wang**.
Globally, zoonotic diseases โ those that jump from animals to humans โ account for approximately 60% of all known infectious diseases, according to the World Health Organization (2024). This research highlights how early interactions between humans and animals could have facilitated the transmission of parasites.
Traditionally, animal domestication has been viewed as an active process, with humans intentionally selecting and breeding desirable traits. However, this study suggests a โcommensal pathwayโ was at play with pigs. Wild boars, naturally attracted to human settlements for the readily available food waste, began to tolerate human presence.
This initial attraction led to behavioral changes, such as reduced aggression and increased tolerance, which ultimately favored animals willing to live alongside humans. โOur study shows that some wild boars took the first step towards domestication by scavenging human waste,โ
**Dr. Wang** concluded.
Previous research often relied on skeletal analysis to track domestication, focusing on changes in body size. However, **Dr. Wang** and colleagues argue that behavioral shifts likely preceded physical changes. โWhat probably came first were behavioral changes, like becoming less aggressive and more tolerant of humans,โ
she stated.
The statistical analysis of the pig teeth also revealed that some specimens possessed smaller teeth, similar to those found in modern domestic pigs in China, indicating the early stages of morphological change. The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This research provides valuable insights into the complex process of animal domestication and the interconnectedness of human and animal health in early agricultural societies.
A neighbor’s canine scared the nanny when she was out strolling her canine. Sadly, she died 7 days later. (Picture / copy from pexels)
A well-known nanny in Shanghai, China, went out to stroll her canine at the moment, she met her neighbor Mr. Yu, who was conserving a black Chinese language backyard canine out of the blue the canine broke away from the leash and he ran in the direction of the Shiba Inu. however sadly he died 7 days later. In response, the nanny’s daughter requested her mom’s employer and Yu Nan to compensate her for greater than 1.8 million yuan (about NT$8.13 million) together with medical bills, funeral bills and compensation dying
In line with Lu media experiences, in June 2022, a girl named Wang, a live-in nanny employed by Ms. Zhao, took a white Shiba Inu that Ms. Zhao had picked up for a stroll in the neighborhood in line with her employer’s directions. At the moment, she met her neighbor Yu Nan holding her canine. All of a sudden, when Yu Nan and Wang Nv have been about 10 meters aside, the Chinese language backyard canine that Yu Nan raised out of the blue broke away from the leash and ran in the direction of Wang Nv who was holding the Shiba Inu Nan instantly pulled the Chinese language backyard canine away. Nevertheless, Ms. Wang fell down and fell right into a coma on the spot as a consequence of concern.
In line with the forensic identification group, Ms. Wang’s dying was brought on by an acute assault of autologous coronary heart illness that precipitated circulatory and respiratory issues. On this regard, Nv Wang’s daughter, Nv Wei, believed that her mom walked the canine within the neighborhood in line with the directions of her employer, Nv Zhao, so Nv Zhao ought to bear the employer’s accountability for compensation . On the identical time, Yu Nan didn’t disturb the Chinese language Backyard Canine when he went out, and didn’t examine the security of the leash, which precipitated the Chinese language Backyard Canine to interrupt away and run in the direction of Wang Nv, inflicting the latter to die. concern
Primarily based on the above causes, Wei Nu filed a lawsuit within the Individuals’s Courtroom of Jing’an District, asking Zhao Nu and Yu Nan to compensate for greater than 1.8 million yuan in whole together with medical bills, funeral bills and dying compensation. In line with related rules, massive canine ought to be leashed when taking them out. Each canine on this case are massive canine. a canine with no pig. . Due to this fact, they have been each accountable, and Mr. Yu was worse than Ms. Zhao.
In the long run, the court docket determined that Ms. Zhao ought to pay compensation of greater than 90,000 yuan (about NT$400,000) and that Mr. Yu ought to pay compensation of greater than 240,000 yuan to be paid (about NT$1.06 million). After the judgment, neither occasion filed an attraction.
#neighbors #canine #scared #nanny #stroll #canine
2024-05-24 12:10:15
โHiogenโWith Sebaโs innovative pandemic pneumonia vaccine, With the unique excipient ImmuVant and the latest mycoplasma field strain,[1] It was created to effectively prevent epidemic pneumonia by inducing a strong immune response with just one dose.can do.
Pandemic pneumonia and vaccination
‘Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyoEpidemic pneumonia (EP) caused by ‘)’ is a respiratory disease that causes enormous economic losses in the pig farming industry due to reduced body weight gain, increased feed requirement, and increased chemical usage in pigs. In particular, in the case of severe epidemic pneumonia, a loss of 5.7 pounds (9,620 won) per pig can occur (Brurch 2007).
In this situation, epidemic pneumonia vaccination is known to be an effective preventive measure against epidemic pneumonia (Maes 2008). Mycoplasma (M.hyo), when uninfected pigs come into contact with infected pigs, colonization of the lungs cannot be completely prevented by vaccination, but vaccinated individuals have significantly fewer clinical symptoms and fewer lung lesions than unvaccinated individuals. appear. Therefore, a low lung lesion score in slaughtered pigs is an important indicator of the effectiveness of vaccination.
Pigs that are properly protected through vaccination have less damage from lung lesions and can grow stably. Although the exact mechanism of epidemic pneumonia prevention has not yet been fully elucidated, both humoral immunity and cellular immunity are believed to play an important role in controlling epidemic pneumonia (Thacker 2000a, Okada 2000).
Hyogen and its excipient โImuvantโ
Ceva’s Hyogen can prevent epidemic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs with just one vaccination. Ceva developed Hyogen with the goal of providing the best protection against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pig farms.
Hyogen’s innovation is based on Seba’s unique excipient, ‘ImuvantTM’.Do it as Immuvant is composed of non-toxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from J5 E. coli and mineral oil in water. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in stimulating the innate immune system, which is important in the first defense mechanism against infection. The interaction between LPS of J5 E. coli and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of macrophages initiates inflammatory signals, leading to the production and secretion of cytokines and the activation of other immune cells. Additionally, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling also influences the initiation of adaptive immune responses through stimulation of antigen-presenting cells that produce proteins that activate naive CD4 T cells, which are important for humoral immune responses and antibody production.
In addition, Hyogen improves antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells because the lipoprotein antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are bound to the aqueous/oily interface of the oil-in-water solution of the excipient Immuvant. ImmunoVant strongly stimulates both the innate and adaptive immune systems, resulting in a high level of protection against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.It allows you to obtain.
Efficacy of Hyogen
The efficacy of Hyogen, with its innovative excipient Immuvant, has been proven not only through challenge inoculation experiments in the laboratory but also through numerous tests under field conditions. Immunity was stimulated quickly and effectively after Hyogen vaccination, and humoral and cell-mediated immunity increased significantly even two weeks after the first Hyogen vaccination (Figures 2 and 3).
immune response
Through this effective and rapid immune response, pigs are protected from attack by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae within 17 days after Hyogen vaccination (Figure 4).
โฒ Figure 5. Comparison of lung lesion scores between the Hyogen vaccinated group and the control group (Herczeg 2011a)
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) is recommended to be vaccinated from 3 weeks of age.and this is Protect piglets against potential risk of early infectionmake it possible However, epidemic pneumonia is generally known to colonize late, and mainly affects finishing pigs. Therefore, the immune system must be well stimulated by the vaccine so that pigs can be protected even if exposed to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae long after vaccination.
In a test in which 3-week-old pigs were challenged 25 weeks after Hyogen vaccination, Hyogen was used against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) showed effective protection against infection (Figure 6). The Hyogen vaccination group had 5.2 times more IFNฮณ-producing cells and high titers of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies at the time of challenge, and received a rapid boost after challenge.It has been done. This shows that the immunological memory induced by Hyogen is long-lasting.
Advantages of Hyogen
When pigs are exposed to epidemic pneumonia, the pigs’ respiratory system remains healthier when Hyogen is used than when a competitor’s vaccine is used, because of Hyogen’s latest field antigen and excipient Immuvant. This was proven in a comparative test with competitors’ one-shot pandemic pneumonia vaccines that are currently widely used in pig farms. As measured by the lung lesion score, Hyogen provided much stronger protection than competing vaccines (Tenk 2012).
Pandemic pneumonia infection can have a significant impact on the growth of pigs. Therefore, an important aspect is how much weight gain can be improved through vaccination. As a result of measuring the body weight of pigs from 11 to 24 weeks of age during an experiment conducted on a farm where Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was circulating, it was found that pigs inoculated with Hyogen gained an average of 34g more (Figure 8).
conclusion
Pneumonia, one of the representative wasting diseases, can be prevented without much difficulty by using an effective vaccine. Since epidemic pneumonia may have different infection patterns at each farm, immunity must be induced quickly and strongly after vaccination, and vaccine protection must last for a long time to ensure that pigs are sufficiently protected until the end of shipment.
Hyogen is Ceva’s innovative pandemic pneumonia vaccine. It is made with a unique excipient, Immuvant, and an antigen derived from the latest Mycoplasma field strain, and induces a strong immune response with just one vaccination, effectively preventing epidemic pneumonia.can do. Pigs inoculated with Immuvant-applied Hyogen induce faster and stronger humoral and cell-mediated immunity.become, Results showed that there were fewer lung lesions compared to the competitor vaccination group and that the pigs gained 34g more than the non-vaccinated pigs.The excellent efficacy of Hyogen was proven through .
Reference:
Hyogenยฎ with ImuvantTM – Superior Protection Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, By Dr.ย Roman KREJCI, Swine Corporate Technical Manage, Ceva Animal Health, AXIS MAGAZINE
[1] Ceva’s latest Mycoplasma field strain: BA 2940-99 (derived from a strain that has caused significant clinical and pathological problems in the United States)
[2] ELISPOT: Enzyme Linked ImmunoSpot, a measurement method to detect and quantify cells secreting specific antibodies or proteins
2024-04-03 13:02:50
#์ด๋ก #key #preventing #epidemic #pneumonia #vaccine #antigens #excipients
[์คํผ๋์ธ๋ด์ค=์ด์์ ๊ธฐ์] A case of a human being infected with a new influenza virus transmitted from pigs has been reported in the UK.
This is the first human infection with swine influenza in the UK, and authorities are focusing on confirming the scope of transmission, key links, and serious risks.
On the 27th (local time), the UK Health and Safety Agency (UKHSA) confirmed a case of human infection with the swine influenza virus (H1N2) and notified the World Health Organization (WHO).
The swine influenza virus is a mutation of the new influenza A virus, a common type of flu that affects humans.
Like the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), it is a zoonotic disease that spreads between animals such as pigs and then spreads to humans.
There have been 50 reported cases of swine influenza virus infecting humans since 2005, but this is the first in the UK.
There was a similar case in the United States last August, but this British case was found to have no genetic link to previous infections, including those in the United States.
It is not yet clear how contagious this virus is or whether there are additional infections.
The infected patient reportedly showed mild symptoms and recovered without being admitted to the hospital. British media outlet The Guardian reported that the patient was found to have never been near pigs.
The Health and Safety Administration is investigating the route of infection and is conducting a follow-up investigation of the patient’s close contacts to prevent further infection.
Testing is supported for those who come into contact with a patient, and additional treatment is recommended if symptoms are present or the test result is positive.
Meera Chand, incident manager at the Health and Safety Executive, said: “We discovered this virus thanks to routine flu surveillance and genome sequencing. We are working quickly to trace close contact cases and reduce potential spread.”
Christine Middlemiss, chief veterinary officer, said: โWe are providing specialist veterinary and scientific knowledge to support the Health and Safety Executive. We urge pig farmers to immediately report any suspected infection to their local veterinarian.โ
Reporter Lee Sang-seokkant@opinionnews.co.kr
Copyright ยฉ Opinion News Unauthorized reproduction and redistribution prohibited
2023-11-27 23:55:32
#human #infection #swine #influenza #virus #discovered
The Korean Donja Investment Management Committee (hereafter referred to as the Korean Donja Investment Management Committee) is organizing ‘2023 Chuseok, Only Handon!’ We carry out a campaign for the Chuseok holiday and sell a variety of Korean money gift sets.
โThe Chuseok Handon Gift Set adds substance to high-quality Handon to satisfy consumers in all aspects of price and quality in consideration of the shrinking consumer sentiment due to high prices,โ said Handonjajogeum. The price ranges from 30,000 won to 100,000 won, such as home-style meals,” he said.
A KRW 5,000 discount coupon that can be used when purchasing a gift set for all Handon Mall members during the event period is presented, and an additional 10% early-bird discount is also applied for purchases made by September 1st. If you are a new member of Handon Mall, you can receive a 5,000 won discount coupon and free shipping.
In particular, this year, the bulk purchase benefits have been significantly strengthened, providing an additional 10% discount to customers who purchase KRW 2 million or more in gift sets from companies and groups. Handon gift sets can be purchased at the official online shopping mall, Handon Mall (mall.han-don.com).
In addition to this, a giveaway event will be held for corporate and individual buyers who purchased a Korean money gift set during the event period, and prizes such as Korean money mileage will be given out through a lottery.
Son Se-hee, chairman of Handon Jajogeum, said, โWe prepared this Handon gift set campaign to alleviate the burden of customers such as companies and consumers preparing for the Chuseok holiday amid high prices.โ I hope that all the people will have a healthy and prosperous Chuseok.โ
Reporter Lee Geun-seon (pigpeople100@gmail.com)
2023-08-23 14:57:59
#bit #Korean #money #Korean #money #Chuseok.. #Korean #money #gift #set #full #savings
