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Non-Invasive Ultrasound Stimulates Deep Brain Circuits for Neurological Treatment

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Ultrasound Breakthrough Enables Non-Invasive Deep ​Brain Stimulation

University College London researchers have developed a groundbreaking ultrasound⁤ system capable of precisely modulating activity in ‌deep brain circuits without the need for invasive surgery. This technology, detailed in a recent Nature Communications publication (Martin, et al., 2025), represents a ‌meaningful leap forward ‌in both neuroscience research and potential ‌clinical treatments ⁣for ​neurological and psychiatric disorders.

The system⁣ utilizes transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) and, in ‌initial⁤ experiments, demonstrated sustained ‌decreases in visual cortex activity for up to 40 minutes following stimulation. Importantly, ⁤these⁢ changes occurred without participants consciously perceiving any alterations in ​their vision. This highlights the‌ system’s ability to induce lasting changes​ in brain function at a neural level.

Key advantages of this​ new approach include:

Non-Invasive: Unlike current deep‌ brain stimulation (DBS) methods, this technology avoids ⁤the risks associated with surgery.
 Precision Targeting: The ​system allows for⁢ highly targeted ⁢modulation of specific brain circuits.
Reversible & Repeatable: Stimulation is‌ safe, reversible,⁣ and can‌ be repeated⁣ as ⁣needed.
 Real-Time Monitoring: Compatibility with fMRI‌ allows researchers‌ to ⁢monitor the effects of stimulation in real-time, paving the way‌ for​ personalized​ therapies and closed-loop neuromodulation.

Professor bradley⁢ Treeby (UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical‍ Engineering) describes ​the advance as a “paradigm⁣ shift in neuroscience,” opening opportunities to study causal⁢ relationships in deep brain circuits previously only accessible through surgery. ⁤ Clinically,the technology holds‌ promise⁢ for treating conditions like Parkinson’s‍ disease,depression,and essential tremor.

Recognizing ⁤the clinical potential, the research team has founded NeuroHarmonics, ⁤a UCL spinout company, ⁢to develop a portable,‍ wearable version of ‍the system. Dr.Eleanor⁤ Martin (UCL Medical ⁤Physics and⁢ Biomedical‌ Engineering) emphasizes the system’s design for compatibility with fMRI, ⁣enabling exciting possibilities for personalized​ therapies. Dr. ‌Ioana Grigoras (Nuffield Department of Clinical​ Neurosciences, University of Oxford) ⁢highlights the potential⁢ for treating ⁢neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, ‌where deep brain ‍regions are notably affected.

While further research ‍is needed to ‌fully understand the underlying mechanisms, this study marks a significant ⁣milestone⁤ in the development of ‍safe, effective, and ​targeted brain stimulation technologies.

This research was supported by‌ the Engineering ⁣and Physical ⁤Sciences Research council (EPSRC), Wellcome, and the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical⁢ Research⁣ Center.

Source: University College⁣ London (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/)
Journal Reference: Martin, E., ‌ et al.‍ (2025). ‍Ultrasound ‌system for precise neuromodulation of human deep brain circuits.nature​ Communications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63020-1

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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals and Novartis Enter into a Global License and Collaboration Agreement

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals and Novartis Announce Worldwide Licensing Deal for RNAi Therapeutics, Potential for Over $3 Billion in Payments

PASADENA, Calif. – October 26, 2023 – Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ARWR) and Novartis (NVS) today announced a global license and collaboration agreement focused on developing and commercializing Arrowhead’s RNAi therapeutics. The partnership centers around Arrowhead’s investigational transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis programme,ARO-XBU,and grants Novartis exclusive worldwide rights to develop,commercialize,and manufacture ARO-XBU.

The agreement provides Arrowhead with an upfront payment of $150 million and the potential to receive over $3 billion in milestone payments tied to achievement of pre-defined development and commercial milestones, as well as royalties on future net sales. TTR amyloidosis is a rare, progressive, and often fatal disease caused by misfolded TTR protein accumulating in various organs. This collaboration aims to accelerate the development and potential availability of a new treatment option for patients suffering from this condition.

“We are excited to partner with Novartis,a global leader in the development and commercialization of innovative medicines,to advance ARO-XBU for the treatment of TTR amyloidosis,” said Christopher Anzalone,President and CEO of Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals. “This collaboration validates our leading RNAi platform and our commitment to developing perhaps curative therapies for patients with significant unmet medical needs.”

Under the terms of the agreement, Novartis will assume obligation for the clinical development, manufacturing, and commercialization of ARO-XBU globally. Arrowhead will support the transition and continue to provide certain research services. The collaboration will leverage Arrowhead’s proprietary Targeted RNAi Delivery (TRD) platform to deliver RNAi therapeutics directly to the liver, silencing the production of the misfolded TTR protein.

“Novartis is committed to delivering innovative medicines for patients with rare diseases,” said Vasant Narasimhan, CEO of Novartis. “This collaboration with Arrowhead complements our existing pipeline and strengthens our position in the field of RNAi therapeutics, offering the potential to address a significant unmet need for patients with TTR amyloidosis.”

ARO-XBU is currently in Phase 1 clinical development. The companies anticipate initiating a Phase 2 clinical trial in the first half of 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements:

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the potential benefits of the collaboration with Novartis, the development and commercialization of ARO-XBU, the timing of clinical trials, the potential for milestone payments and royalties, and the future success of Arrowhead’s scientific studies. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors,including decisions of regulatory authorities and the timing thereof,the duration and impact of regulatory delays in our clinical programs,our ability to finance our operations,the likelihood and timing of the receipt of future milestone and licensing fees,the future success of our scientific studies,our ability to successfully develop and commercialize drug candidates,the timing for starting and completing clinical trials,rapid technological change in our markets,the enforcement of our intellectual property rights,and the other risks and uncertainties described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K,subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. We assume no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances.

Source: Arrowhead pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Contacts:

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Vince Anzalone, CFA
626-304-3400
ir@arrowheadpharma.com

Investors:
LifeSci Advisors, LLC
Brian ritchie
212-915-2578
britchie@lifesciadvisors.com

Media:
LifeSci Communications,LLC
Kendy Guarinoni,Ph.D.
724-910-9389
kguarinoni@lifescicomms.com

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Parkinson’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Parkinson’s Disease: Early Diagnosis and ‍Advanced Neurosurgical Options Offer Hope for Maintaining Quality of Life

TAIPEI, Taiwan – Subtle changes in ⁢gait and tremors once dismissed as​ normal aging could signal the onset⁣ of Parkinson’s ⁣disease, a chronic progressive neurological disorder impacting ⁣millions worldwide. Experts are emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, including potential neurosurgical interventions,⁤ to‍ help patients maintain a good quality of life.

Parkinson’s disease affects the nervous system and the areas⁢ of the brain⁣ responsible for movement, frequently enough starting with a tremor in the hand. However, symptoms can extend beyond‍ shaking to include stiffness, slowed ⁤movement, and postural instability -⁢ even manifesting as smaller steps while walking, a key⁤ indicator of​ disease progression. While there is currently no cure, ​advancements in⁤ medical care, ⁣particularly in neurosurgery, are providing effective solutions when conservative treatments become insufficient.

According to neurosurgeon Xie bingxian, proactive management is‌ crucial.”Even though parkinson’s disease is a chronic progressive disease, patients can still ​maintain a good ⁣quality⁢ of life thru appropriate treatment and care,” Xie stated.”It ​is important to diagnose and treat‌ early, and cooperate closely with ⁣the medical team. Neurosurgery can provide effective solutions when conservative‌ treatments appear [to be failing].”

Individuals concerned about potential‌ Parkinson’s symptoms‍ are encouraged to consult ⁣a neurosurgeon for evaluation and to discuss the most suitable⁤ treatment plan. Further information and ​medical ‌news can be found on the Free‍ Health Network (https://health.ltn.com.tw/) and the Neuro Guardian Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/neuro.guardian/).

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Association of the number of minor hallucinations and well-structured visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

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    Health

    Cycling Boosts Brain Function in Parkinson’s Disease

    by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
    written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

    Exercise Reshapes Brain Signals in Parkinson’s Patients

    Study Reveals Neural Reactivation Through Adaptive Cycling

    Groundbreaking research offers new hope for Parkinson’s disease (PD) management, pinpointing how consistent exercise can measurably alter brain activity. A recent study utilized deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants to capture real-time neural data, directly linking motor improvements to potential network-level brain changes.

    Unlocking the Brain’s Response to Exercise

    For years, scientists have observed that exercise offers relief from Parkinson’s motor symptoms, such as tremors, but the precise mechanisms remained elusive. This new investigation, conducted at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and the VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, provides crucial insights by examining how long-term dynamic exercise programs might be reactivating neural pathways damaged by the disease.

    Researchers employed advanced second-generation DBS devices to record brain signals before and after participants engaged in 12 sessions of adaptive cycling over a four-week period. The study, published in the June 2025 issue of *Clinical Neurophysiology*, aimed to decode these brain changes specifically in relation to motor symptom relief.

    Researchers observed measurable changes in motor-related brain signals after 12 cycling sessions, suggesting a restorative effect on neural connections. Credit: Neuroscience News

    Adaptive Cycling Sparks Neural Rewiring

    While participants did not show immediate changes in brain signals, the study found significant alterations by the conclusion of the 12-session program. These modifications occurred in brain regions responsible for motor control and movement, suggesting that exercise may be inducing broader network-level changes, potentially restoring connections disrupted by Parkinson’s.

    The adaptive cycling regimen was a key component, with smart bikes adjusting resistance in real time to optimize patient engagement and benefits. Riders were instructed to maintain a specific cadence, visualized through an on-screen game. The bike’s technology provided assistance while dynamically altering resistance, a push-and-pull mechanism believed to be particularly effective for PD symptoms.

    “We’ve already established over years of study that dynamic cycling regimens are beneficial for treating Parkinson’s tremor,” said Dr. Aasef Shaikh. “The latest study adds the use of deep brain stimulation and an ongoing exercise program to visualize how long-term exercise might be rewiring neural connections in the brain.”

    —Dr. Aasef Shaikh, Vice Chair for Research at University Hospitals and Professor of Neurology

    Dr. Aasef Shaikh, the lead researcher, highlighted the collaborative effort between University Hospitals and the VA system for enabling a larger participant pool. The study’s funding included a VA Merit Award and contributions to the Department of Neurology at University Hospitals. Key contributors also included PhD candidate Prajakta Joshi and Kent State University PhD candidate Lara Shigo.

    Network-Level Changes Hint at Broader Brain Rewiring

    The research focused on local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) via DBS electrodes. While immediate LFP changes were insignificant, long-term effects demonstrated an increasing trend in power and a measure of signal fluctuation in the dorsolateral region of the STN. The ventral region of the STN did not exhibit a significant response.

    Prajakta Joshi explained that while DBS systems provide a valuable view into brain activity, they are limited to the immediate vicinity of the electrodes. This suggests that other brain areas, not directly monitored, might also be influenced by exercise. “There may be a broader circuit involved,” Joshi noted. “Numerous upstream and downstream pathways could be influenced by exercise, and it’s possible that we’re inducing a network-level change that drives the improvement in motor symptoms.”

    This promising research could pave the way for more personalized and effective treatments for PD. A study published in the *Journal of Parkinson’s Disease* in 2023 found that participants in a 12-week exercise program reported significant improvements in quality of life and motor function (Source: PubMed Central, 2023).

    Patient Experiences Validate Findings

    Participants like Amanda “Mandy” Ensman, who has lived with PD for 12 years, reported tangible benefits. “Biking helped me with a variety of symptoms I was struggling with, including my gait, walking and increased my energy levels,” Ensman shared, emphasizing the crucial role of exercise in her management plan.

    The findings suggest that prolonged exercise interventions, even those without immediate neurological effects, can lead to substantial modifications in the brain, underscoring the importance of consistent physical activity for neuroplasticity and Parkinson’s management.

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    Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms: Causes, Diagnosis & Initial Signs

    by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
    written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

    Parkinson’s Disease: understanding the Progressive Neurological Disorder and Its Symptoms

    Jakarta – Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological disorder, gradually impacts the nervous system and a person’s ability to control body movements.This condition affects not only the general public but also prominent figures. Ozzy Osbourne, the legendary Heavy Metal musician, publicly shared his Parkinson’s diagnosis in 2020, though he was initially diagnosed in 2003.

    What Are the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

    The initial symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are often subtle and may go unnoticed for months or even years. According to the Mayo Clinic, the first signs commonly manifest as tremors that are barely perceptible, frequently beginning in one hand. These tremors can also affect the legs or jaw.

    Typically, the tremor starts in the hand or finger. Though, it can also originate in the legs or jaw. Individuals may experience trembling in their hands while at rest or when experiencing stress.

    In addition to tremors, other significant symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include:

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