Seoul Virus Found in Buenos Aires Rats Raises Public Health Alert
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - Genomic analysis has confirmed the presence of Seoul virus, a hantavirus known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in Rattus norvegicus (brown rats) within Buenos Aires city, Argentina. The revelation, detailed in a February 2018 Emerging Infectious Diseases study (DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171216), marks the first identification of this specific hantavirus lineage in South America and signals a potential emerging public health threat.
HFRS, while rare, is a severe and possibly fatal illness. The identification of Seoul virus in the city’s rat population is concerning as these rodents frequently inhabit urban environments, bringing them into close proximity with humans. Transmission occurs through contact with rat urine, saliva, or feces, and can lead to fever, headache, muscle pain, and in severe cases, kidney failure and shock. This finding necessitates increased surveillance and public health education to mitigate the risk of human infection.
Researchers utilized multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing to analyze virus samples collected from rats in Buenos Aires. The genomic characterization revealed a close relationship to Seoul virus strains circulating in Asia and Europe, suggesting a possible introduction via global trade or travel. The study, led by W.K. Kim and colleagues, identified significant genetic diversity within the Buenos Aires Seoul virus population, indicating established circulation and potential for further evolution.
The examination involved analyzing samples from both humans and rats, revealing the virus’s presence in a substantial proportion of the rat population studied. Further research is crucial to determine the extent of the virus’s geographic distribution within Argentina,assess the risk factors for human exposure,and develop effective prevention strategies. Public health officials are now focused on implementing rodent control measures and educating the public about the risks associated with rat infestations and proper hygiene practices.